The Effect of Ketogenic Diets on Insulin Resistance in Non- Diabetic Individuals: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review investigates the effects of a ketogenic diet on insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals. The review hypothesized that ketogenic diets would increase insulin sensitivity and favorably affect lipid profiles, potentially serving as a preventive nutritional strategy for type 2 diabetes. An extensive review of the existing literature was conducted using three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and CAB Abstracts). This comprehensive search yielded 11 studies involving a total of 233 participants, with study durations ranging from 4 to 52 weeks. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, and the quality of the included studies was evaluated using a modified tool based on Cherry et al. (2023). Subsequently, changes in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profile components (LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides) before and after dietary interventions were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The findings revealed consistent improvements in insulin sensitivity across all studies, with HOMA-IR showing decreases between 14% and 75%. Moreover, the changes in lipid profiles were generally favorable, as most studies reported reductions in triglycerides ranging from 21% to 52% and increases in HDL cholesterol by up to 20%. However, the impact on LDL cholesterol levels varied across different studies. In conclusion, this review provides evidence for the beneficial effects of ketogenic diets on insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles in non-diabetic individuals, suggesting their potential as an effective nutritional strategy for preventing type 2 diabetes and improving overall health.