A Literature Review to Understand the Experience of Phantom Limb Phenomenon Following a Lower Limb Amputation: A Qualitative Synthesis.

Abstract

Aim: To gain knowledge about the frequent experiences accompanying phantom limb issues from patients' perspective and generate recommendations for clinical practice based on them. Method: A systematic literature review approach was utilised and articles meeting the eligibility criteria were critically appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Additionally, a meta-synthesis approach was adopted to combine and analyse data. Results: Nine relevant studies were critiqued, key themes were: 1) Recognising phantom limb pain (PLP) for the first time and the overall services satisfaction; 2) PLP’s described characteristics; 3) The frequent emotions and psychosocial issues accompanying PLP; 4) PLP’s impact on performing daily activities; and 5) The experience of adopting various individual strategies compared to medicine usage. Conclusion: Phantom limb’s experience varies between individuals with LLA, but for many, PLP can impact the physical and psychological well-being that add to the amputation experience additional burden. Therefore, dealing with such issues should begin with early education provision, then considering patients’ differences when coping with this pain during rehabilitation and prioritising their preferences when choosing prostheses and selecting an appropriate treatment approach to control this pain.