The Impact of Aerobic Exercise in Alleviating Depression Symptoms Among the Adult Population: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Title: The Impact of Aerobic Exercise in Alleviating Depression Symptoms Among the Adult Population: A Systematic Review

Background: Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder with significant impacts on patients and their families. Depression often co-occurs with medical conditions, thereby complicating treatment approaches. Physical exercise has emerged as a promising intervention for depression, but the mechanisms through which it alleviates the disease and specific exercise recommendations remain unclear.

Aim: This review examines the potential for exercise (particularly aerobic exercise) to be employed as a treatment for depression.

Methodology: Three major research databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were searched, and studies published within the past 10 years were targeted by combining specific relevant search terms. Predefined inclusion criteria were applied to select studies. Data extraction was performed, and the quality of each study was assessed using two predetermined critique frameworks.

Results: This systematic review included 15 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise on depression in adult participants aged 18–65 years. Five RCTs assessed the effects of various aerobic activities, such as running, walking, cycling, jumping, and dancing. Another five RCTs focused specifically on the impacts of running or walking programs, and two RCTs examined the effects of cycling interventions. The remaining three RCTs evaluated a combination of cycling and walking. The findings across the included studies consistently demonstrated that aerobic exercise, regardless of the specific modality, led to significant improvements in depression symptoms.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that regular aerobic exercise, irrespective of the specific type, can be a beneficial non-pharmacological approach for managing depression in adults. Healthcare providers should consider recommending aerobic exercise as part of a comprehensive treatment strategy for individuals with depression.