The Warfare in The Latin East 1175-1200

Abstract

This dissertation examines warfare in the Latin East between 1175 and 1200, focusing on siege warfare, battles, and economic warfare to understand their role in shaping the region’s military and political dynamics. Drawing heavily on Islamic and Christian primary sources—including the writings of Al-Asfahani, Ibn Shaddad, and William of Tyre—the study analyses the strategies, technologies, and broader implications of conflict during this transformative period. The section on siege warfare explores the use of castles as defensive strongholds and offensive bases by both Crusader and Ayyubid forces. It highlights innovations such as concentric fortifications and advanced siege techniques that defined the period’s military landscape. Battles are examined through key engagements, including the pivotal Battle of Hattin, with a focus on leadership, organisation, and tactical evolution, demonstrating their critical impact on the balance of power. The analysis of economic warfare reveals the strategic significance of caravan raids and agricultural devastation. These methods were used to disrupt enemy supply lines, undermine economic stability, and diminish civilian morale, playing a crucial role in sustaining prolonged campaigns. This dissertation argues that siege warfare, battles, and economic strategies were interdependent elements of conflict in the Latin East, reflecting broader political, military, and ideological priorities. By relying on contemporary accounts and critically evaluating their biases, the study provides new insights into the complexity of Latin East warfare and its lasting influence on the history of the Crusades.