WHat are the Effects of Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Training, Either Alone or Combined with Other non-Electrical Therapy, on Functional Outcomes and Quality of life in Children with Neurological Disorders? A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Cognitive-motor dual-task training (CMDT), which involves simultaneous cognitive and motor tasks, challenging the brain's processing capacity, is hypothesised to improve both functional outcomes and quality of life across diverse populations. Children with neurological disorders commonly face impairments in both motor and cognitive functions, which can significantly impair their daily functioning and overall quality of life. Objective: This systematic review aims to synthesise the current evidence on the effects of cognitive-motor dual-task training, either alone or combined with other non-electrical therapies, on functional outcomes and quality of life in children with neurological disorders. By exploring the efficacy of these interventions, the review seeks to provide insights into their potential utility and implementation in therapeutic settings. Study design: An extensive search across multiple databases resulted in the selection and critical appraisal of eight studies, including randomised and quasi-experimental trials, using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, data were synthesised narratively. Results: Reviewed studies show that CMDT training generally enhanced motor skills, balance and mobility, as evidenced by improvements in standardised measures such as the Timed Up and Go (TUG), the Modified Walking Test (MWT) and others. Quality of life improvements were also noted, despite some reservations about the assessment's relevance in younger children due to developmental considerations. Conclusions: The findings support the integration of CMDT in clinical practice to enhance functional outcomes and quality of life in children with neurological disorders. However, further research is warranted to explore long-term effects and to refine intervention protocols tailored to specific neurological conditions. This review underscores the necessity of updating current physiotherapy guidelines to reflect these findings, to ensure that CMDT is considered in future therapeutic recommendations.