An in vitro study for the management of peri-implantitis using air abrasion with a bactericidal zinc and strontium containing glass (Bioactive glass)

Abstract

Objective: The primary objective of the study is to develop a bioactive glass (BAG) incorporating strontium and zinc to manage peri-implantitis. It focuses on exploring BAG formulas with zinc and strontium for air abrasive surface treatments. The primary objective is to embed the new BAG powder into the titanium surface. The secondary goal involves inspecting titanium abrasion under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and identifying the presence of zinc and strontium within the titanium surface. The study also assesses the release of BAG, which contains strontium and zinc, on the abraded titanium in three distinct solutions (acetic acid, TRIS, and Simulated Body Fluid) over various periods up to seven days.

Methods: The in vitro study conducted involved the creation and application of two bioactive glasses on titanium discs. The process of synthesizing the glasses involved mixing specific reagents, heating, and rapid cooling. The resulting glasses were then ground into a powder of specific particle size. The titanium discs were prepared through laser cutting, polishing, and coating with the glass powder using a grit blasting technique. To analyze the effectiveness of the glass coating, various techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction, White Light Profilometry, and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used. Additionally, Tris buffer and Simulated Body Fluid solutions were utilized to examine the dissolution properties and bioactivity of the glasses.

Results: The study results show the effects of embedding zinc and strontium glass into titanium discs and the outcomes of immersing these abraded discs in various solutions over different durations. Analysis techniques, including backscatter analysis and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), confirmed the successful embedding of glasses into the abraded discs, as indicated by irregular surface textures and the presence of zinc and strontium. In contrast, non-abraded discs remained unaltered. The findings provide insights into the impact of strontium and zinc bioactive glass on titanium discs and the potential for embedding various bioactive glass materials into titanium discs.

Conclusion: This study's findings on zinc- and strontium-containing BAG formulas provide promising insights into their potential for managing peri-implantitis. The results have shown a significant increase in the concentration of zinc and strontium in the abraded discs over time, indicating the effective release of these elements from the bioactive glass. This suggests that these new BAG formulas have promising potential in the field of implantology. Further research and testing may lead to the development of more effective treatments for peri-implantitis using these BAG formulas.