Developing CAR-T cell therapies in solid malignancy – what can we learn from CAR-T cell development in haematological malignancies?

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cells have demonstrated extraordinary responses in patients with hematologic malignancies. A CAR T cell is genetically modified to produce synthetic receptors for guiding polyclonal T cells to antigens on the tumour's surface. This accomplishment, however, has yet to be generalized to solid tumours, and the reasons for this are being studied. Several factors work against adoptive cell transfer in solid tumours, including immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, heterogeneity challenges, and trafficking and infiltration issues. In this study, an overview of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors is provided, with a discussion of various solutions to overcome these hurdles.