The assessment of GDF-15 and GDF-15 glycoforms as diagnostic biomarker for interstitial lung disease

Abstract

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a complex and various condition characterized by inflammation and fibrosis in the lung parenchyma. The identification of novel biomarkers is vital for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ILD. Objectives: To investigate the role of GDF-15 as a biomarker for ILD, with a focus on its glycosylation patterns and dietary influences. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 32 BAL and 111 plasma samples from ILD controls. GDF-15 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and glycosylation patterns were analysed using lectin-based assays. Results: GDF-15 levels were significantly elevated in ILD patients compared to non-ILD controls (p < 0.001). We also found that GDF-15 was modified by Neu5Gc, a sialic acid acquired through dietary consumption, which was associated with higher levels of inflammation and fibrosis in ILD patients. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that GDF-15 and its glycoforms, particularly Neu5Gc-modified GDF-15, may serve as novel biomarkers for ILD diagnosis and prognosis. This study highlights the importance of considering dietary influences on disease pathogenesis and the potential for personalized treatment strategies. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of ILD and identifies GDF-15 as a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. The findings have important implications for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for ILD.