Cultural Museums as Tools of Cultural Diplomacy in Saudi Arabia to Assert National Identity and Promote Mutual Understanding.

Abstract

This paper examines the role of Saudi Arabian cultural museums in the cultural diplomacy sector by focusing on the case study of Saudi cultural museums: Abdul Raouf Khalil Museum and the Saudi National Museum. Subsequently, it explores how these institutions contribute to international relations by promoting Saudi culture and heritage, which argues that museums are not just guardians of history but also play an active role in shaping global perspectives using soft power to facilitate cultural exchange and promote mutual understanding. The analysis demonstrates that Saudi museums carefully craft narratives that reflect both national pride and global inclusivity, thereby strengthening the country’s diplomatic efforts. Using Abdul Raouf Khalil Museum as an example, with its diverse collection of artefacts from Ottoman, European, and other cultures, serves as a model of how museums can promote cultural exchange and enhance international understanding. Similarly, the Saudi National Museum, through its exhibitions on Saudi Arabia’s place in global history, acts as a cultural bridge in international diplomacy. In addition, the research also highlights several challenges facing Saudi museums. These include the need to improve accessibility, expand digital outreach, and ensure a broader representation of underrepresented cultures. The dissertation argues that addressing these challenges is essential for maximizing the diplomatic potential of these institutions calling for cultural diplomacy strategies to evolve continuously in response to changing global dynamics. Thoroughly, the findings of this dissertation provide a cohesive overview of the role of museums as more than cultural preservers by becoming diplomatic actors. By analyzing how these institutions manage to balance national identity with global engagement, the study offers valuable insights for policymakers and museum professionals looking to enhance the effectiveness of cultural diplomacy in Saudi Arabia and beyond.