Design and Analysis of MIMO Microstrip Patch Antennas for 6G Wireless Communication

Abstract

The mobile and wireless communications sector has experienced significant growth in the past decade, transitioning from analog 1G to digital systems like 2G (GSM), 3G to high-data-rate wireless communication, and finally to 6G technology. 6G technology is expected to provide enhanced applications, including mobile communication, spacecraft communication, aircraft communication, submarine communication, and illumination communication. It aims to establish a comprehensive and cohesive coverage network capable of encompassing all modes of communication, achieving global network performance. In May 2018, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) reached a consensus to produce a standard for 6G technology within the framework of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), identifying 2030 as a potential timeframe for the introduction of 6G wireless technologies. Meanwhile, the United States Federal Communication Commission (FCC) proposed the use of 6G technology within THz spectrum-based networks, alongside the utilization of spatial multiplexing technologies. Notably, 6G wireless technology uses waves that operate within the frequency range of 0.1-10 THz. The evolution of microstrip antenna technology is crucial in the rapidly expanding field of wireless communications, whereby printed antennas are preferred due to their inherent benefits compared to alternative antenna designs. In particular, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology is widely recognized as a highly promising innovation in the field of wireless communication. This thesis presents the development of an antenna design that includes a progression from a single-element antenna to 2-port, 4-port, 8-port, and 64-port MIMO antennas. The primary objective of achieving a target frequency range of 80 GHz to 140 GHz is hereby accomplished successfully. The results of the simulation show positive outcomes in general, leading to the conclusion that the most advantageous layout for the MIMO antenna is a horizontal configuration. This implementation can be employed by individuals aiming to enhance the practical hardware components of the antenna to meet industrial demands.