The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Critical Care Unit Nurses: A Systematic Review of the Literature on Reported Levels of Psychological Stress

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has put immense pressure on critical care units, with nurses facing severe psychological strain. ICU nurses have endured extreme conditions, including high patient mortality, resource shortages, and fear of infection, all intensifying their stress. This review analyses the pandemic's psychological impact on critical care nurses, highlighting the stressors, mental health effects, and broader implications for healthcare. It offers insights into the challenges faced and suggests strategies to support nurses' mental well-being in future health crises. Topic: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Critical Care Nurses: A Systematic Review of Reported Psychological Stress Levels. Methodology: A literature review search was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Quality was analysed using the tool of Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Results: Nine studies were included, revealing the intense emotional and psychological strain endured by ICU nurses during the pandemic. They experienced heightened anxiety, fear, and moral distress, driven by fear of infection, heavy workloads, and frequent patient deaths. Ethical dilemmas exacerbated their stress, leading to burnout and impaired decision-making. Nurses also faced emotional exhaustion. Addressing these psychological burdens is crucial for supporting nurses' mental health in future public health crises. Conclusion: The review highlights the severe emotional and psychological strain experienced by ICU nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to burnout and diminished care quality. Enhanced mental health support, clearer ethical guidelines, and improved working conditions are vital to safeguarding nurses' well-being in future crises.