Exploring Freedom and Belonging: A Comparative Study of Muslim Women’s Solo and Group Travel

Abstract

This dissertation explores the evolving travel behaviours and perceptions of Muslim women, focusing on the contrast between solo and group travel experiences. The study investigates how factors such as safety, empowerment, social identity, and family expectations influence travel choices and overall satisfaction. A quantitative research approach was employed, using survey data analysed through SPSS to examine patterns, correlations, and differences between solo and group travellers. Findings reveal that while solo travel offers a sense of independence and personal growth, concerns regarding safety and social judgment remain prevalent. Group travel, on the other hand, provides emotional comfort and social approval but may limit autonomy. The results highlight a nuanced relationship between cultural expectations and individual agency, suggesting that Muslim women are actively redefining travel norms within modern contexts. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Muslim women's empowerment through tourism, offering theoretical insights and practical implications for the travel and hospitality industry.