The Effectiveness and Legislation of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs)in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The thesis examines the effectiveness of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), particularly following recent legislative reforms. This study seeks to assess the major problems faced in EIA implementation, examine the effectiveness of legislative updates and the EIA system before and after these reforms, and suggest opportunities for improvement. Using a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative document analysis and quantitative survey methods, this research finds that while recent legislative amendments have introduced important changes to the EIA framework, significant challenges remain regarding institutional capacity challenges, the enforcement of regulations, and the role of stakeholder engagement. Findings reveal that deficiencies remain in operational aspects and the effectiveness of the EIA process. This study concludes with recommendations for access to an improved EIA system in KSA, including improved implementation and enforcement through capacity building, clearer regulatory guidelines, and public participation to address these challenges and significantly contribute to improving the overall effectiveness of the EIA process.