The Effect of Insulin Pen on Reduction of HbA1c and Diabetes Management - A Systematic Review

Abstract

Abstract Background: Insulin pens were developed to overcome limitations of traditional vial-and-syringe insulin administration, which may negatively affect glycemic control and adherence. Objective: This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of insulin pen devices in reducing HbA1c levels and improving diabetes management outcomes. Methods: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of studies published between 2017 and 2025 was conducted using major electronic databases. Eligible studies compared insulin pen use with conventional insulin delivery in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Results: Across 15 included studies, insulin pen use was consistently associated with improved HbA1c outcomes, particularly among elderly patients and those requiring complex insulin regimens. Enhanced adherence, improved injection technique, greater patient satisfaction, and benefits from smart pen technologies were commonly reported. Conclusion: Insulin pens are effective tools for improving glycemic control and patient-centered outcomes in diabetes management