The effect of social media on the mental health of adolescents

Abstract

The rise of social media usage among adolescents has raised significant concerns regarding its impact on mental health. This scoping review aims to explore the extent and nature of research examining the influence of social media on adolescent mental well-being. Specifically, the review identifies and summarises evidence regarding the positive and negative mental health outcomes associated with various forms of social media use, such as passive and active engagement. The findings demonstrate a complex and bidirectional relationship between social media use and mental health, with studies showing both the potential benefits (e.g., enhanced social connectivity and self-expression) and harms (e.g., increased anxiety, depression, and body dissatisfaction) of digital engagement. Additionally, the review highlights critical gaps in the literature, particularly regarding long-term effects, cultural variations, and the role of individual differences such as gender and personality traits. Recommendations are provided for future research and for policymakers to develop evidence-based strategies that mitigate risks while promoting the positive aspects of social media use. The findings underscore the need for tailored interventions that address the diverse ways adolescents interact with social media and its psychological impact. This review serves as a foundational resource for healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers, guiding efforts to protect adolescent mental health in the digital age.