Role of Risk Assessment and Management in Crowd Control in the Context of Cultural Events in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

As Saudi Arabia transitions towards a diversified economy under Vision 2030, cultural events have become a cornerstone of its tourism strategy. However, the rapid expansion of these events introduces unique challenges, particularly in crowd management and risk assessment. This study explores the current practices, barriers, and opportunities for enhancing safety measures during cultural events in Saudi Arabia. Using a combination of theoretical frameworks—such as Classic Risk Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)—and data collected through an online survey of event organizers, the research identifies critical risks, including overcrowding, adverse weather, and resource limitations.

Findings reveal that while event organizers recognize the value of adopting advanced technologies like real-time tracking and drones, factors such as training gaps and financial constraints hinder their implementation. Additionally, the study highlights the disconnect between existing crowd management protocols and the dynamic needs of large-scale events. By providing actionable recommendations, including leveraging innovative technologies and improving stakeholder collaboration, this research aims to contribute to safer, more efficient cultural events in Saudi Arabia. Ultimately, it underscores the need for continual improvement in risk management strategies to align with the Kingdom's ambitious cultural and economic goals.