Impact of Social Media Use on Mental Well-being of Saudi Arabian: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Abstract Introduction The rapid rise of social media has transformed communication patterns and societal engagement globally, but especially among adolescents and young adults. However, excessive usage of these platforms may negatively impact mental health and well-being. This dissertation systematically reviews and synthesizes evidence on this relationship in the specific cultural context of Saudi Arabia. Objective This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes like depression, anxiety and stress among the Saudi Arabian population, an underrepresented population in previous global studies. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using academic databases to identify relevant studies. Articles were screened for eligibility based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was extracted and synthesized from the included studies in the systematic review that met the criteria. A qualitative review and analysis of findings was carried out, focusing on outcomes related to depression, anxiety and stress. Results The findings from the 12 included studies that involved a total of 6045 participants, primarily university students, from various regions within Saudi Arabia indicate a high rate of social media addiction, especially among females. Prolonged daily use of social media was linked to poor mental health outcomes including higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress and loneliness. Underlying factors mediating these effects included social isolation, sleep disruption, fear of missing out, and pressure to maintain an online persona. The intensity of these effects varied based on platform type, gender, and age group. Conclusion The review found a high prevalence of social media addiction and its correlation with adverse mental health effects including depression, anxiety, stress and loneliness among the Saudi population. Therefore, it becomes imperative to address its potential implications. This dissertation highlights the need for digital literacy programs, public awareness campaigns, and policy regulations to promote balanced social media usage and mitigate its potential harms among Saudi youth. While acknowledging the limitations of existing research, it underscores the urgency of longitudinal interventions and mindful social media use to safeguard mental health and build resilience.