The intercorrelation between Arabic calligraphy and graphic design in Saudi Arabia: An analytical study of the current status of Arabic calligraphy and the impact of graphic design and Saudi’s policy on its role as a traditional craft

Abstract

This thesis contributes towards the body of knowledge of the development of Arabic calligraphy, an art form that has passed through many historical stages since the advent of Islam and the revelation of the Holy Qur’an, in its patterns, styles, values and concepts. The relationship between Arabic calligraphy and Graphic design in Saudi Arabian culture and its creative industries is investigated; the arts and handicrafts policy of the Saudi government and the role of these in promoting and sustaining Arabic calligraphy is examined. Finally, the influence of five factors (financial, organisational, educational, social and technological) upon its development is analysed. The research is based on fieldwork conducted in Saudi Arabia (2016-2017). Mixed methods were used to collect data (questionnaire and interview). Fieldwork techniques allowed the opinions of calligraphers and graphic designers and the Saudi public to be known, allowing this study to be conducted from their perspective. Supporting literature was used to place Saudi Arabia within the larger context of arts, handicrafts and the creative industry. This research found that traditional Arabic calligraphic design has undergone an extraordinary development, where many of calligraphic styles have been created in a modern way to be used in graphic products. However, the connotations of the designs have changed in response to commercial requirements; in particular, their original religious contexts and significance are frequently neglected, thus changing people's perceptions, and their appreciation, of Arabic calligraphy. This research approaches this development. The implications of this research indicate a need for deeper understanding of the role that Arabic calligraphy plays as a symbolic representation of cultural heritage, identity of Arab-Islamic community and the language of the Qur'an, in light of challenges such as globalization, mechanization and technology.