Freedom to display religious symbols under Article 9 ECHR: the fields of education and public places from a comparative perspective

Abstract

This thesis seeks to consider the purpose and importance of Art.9 in relation to displaying religious symbols through the analysis of relevant ECtHR case-law, in order to determine the extent to which Art.9 is able to adequately serve its purpose. It will be assessed whether Art.9 does indeed, as intended, ensure the protection of individuals through “freedom to manifest one’s religion or belief” in the increasingly contentious environment surrounding the tolerance of displaying religious symbols. Indeed, the aspect of margin of appreciation provided to States, combined with the ECtHR’s acceptance and recognition of the concept of secularism form critical components in adjudicating such cases, hence will be also explored.