Relationship Between Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Patterns and Evidence of Epidemio-logical Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Study

Abstract

Dietary habits are known to be important determinants of human health. The promotion of healthy dietary patterns can be especially useful for reducing the incidence of major chronic diseases such as cancer or cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the main global causes of mortality. This report aims to systematically review prospective studies that evaluate the impact of healthy/unhealthy dietary pattern intake on all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortalities and conduct a meta-analysis to quantify the size impact. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for observational studies of data-driven dietary patterns that reported outcomes of cancer, CVD, and all-cause mortalities. Eighteen studies for all-cause, ten studies for CVD, and nine studies for cancer mortalities were included in the meta-analysis with a total of approximately 622,825 participants. Healthy dietary pattern con-sumption was associated with a significantly decreased risk of all-cause (P = 0.0001) (HR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.88), CVD (P = 0.002) (HR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.86), and not signifi-cantly cancer mortalities (P = 0.28) (HR = 0.92; 95 % CI: 0.86, 0.98) compared to unhealthy dietary patterns which increased significantly the risk of all-cause (P = 0.00001) (HR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.31), CVD (P = 0.009) (HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.22), and cancer mortalities (P = 0.0001) (HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.35). The results of this article support the evidence of healthy dietary patterns as a protective factor against the risk of mortality.