A drone concept for autonomous water sampling operations

Abstract

This thesis focuses on the design and study of a drone for autonomous water sampling operations motivated by the challenges of the traditional water sampling technique. This research is based on developing a mechanism for water sampling integrated into an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) responsible for producing samples from required depths, while contamination risks are minimized. The review of various sampling mechanisms in the available literature on water sampling technologies, and UAV applications, is holistic, touching on both the advantages and the shortcomings of each. Design work will comprise of the conceptualization of a novel water sampling system that will allow for self-opening and self-closing methodologies towards improved operation efficiency and the mitigation of operating complexity. Considering the detailed mathematical modelling and the material selection process ensures standards in durability and prevention of contamination. Material selection is one of the main factors in the problem encountered, and PTFE is observed to suit best among all calming agents because of its excellent chemical resistance and inertness. The flight controller, navigation, sensors, telemetry modules, and suchlike are carefully selected so that the drone sub-systems can be expressed to the highest capability even under harsh environmental capabilities and different weather conditions. The final design is validated by the theoretical calculations and simulations with the software eCalc, thus assuring the essence of reliable and effective water-sampling missions while having a flight time of around 35 minutes. A comparative analysis of both approaches to traditional boat-based sampling techniques shows that while the UAV-based approach is slightly pricier per sample, it gains the competitive edge in time efficiency and lesser environmental impact. The results show that UAVs are a potential, innovative solution to repetitive, on-demand, reconnaissance and autonomous water sampling, at remote or hazardous locations.