Impact of Mandatory ESG Disclosures on Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) Activities

Abstract

This dissertation examines the impact of mandatory Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activities across 33 countries from 1996 to 2023. The research aims to determine whether these disclosures influence cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) and market reactions during M&A announcements. Utilizing a panel dataset and high-dimensional fixed-effects regression models, the dissertation tests two hypotheses: that mandatory ESG disclosures positively affect CAR, and that market reactions differ between downstream and upstream acquisitions. The findings reveal no significant impact of ESG disclosures on CAR or market reactions, indicating limited short-term financial effects. The dissertation suggests further research into regional and cultural factors and the long-term strategic benefits of ESG integration in M&A.