Mitigation of some organs fibrosis through targeting serine/threonine kinases

Abstract

Hepatotoxicity is a serious pathological condition that may progress to liver failure and death. It occurs when the liver is exposed to toxic agents such as drugs, chemicals, herbal products, or viral infections, leading to direct cellular injury or immune-mediated damage. Nephrotoxicity is also a serious condition that may lead to acute or chronic kidney injury. It occurs when the kidneys are exposed to harmful substances, such as drugs, toxins, or metabolites, which impair their structural and functional integrity.Doxorubicin (DOXO) is a potent antineoplastic antibiotic used against breast cancer, bladder cancer, leukemia, and other tumors. However, its clinical use is limited by severe toxicities, particularly hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The organ toxicity induced by DOXO is primarily mediated by excessive ROS generation, which drives lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and endoplasmic stress (ER