Evaluation of Conservation Practices for Historic Mud Buildings in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study of Al- Qashla Palace

Abstract

This dissertation critically assesses the current conservation practices for historic mud buildings in Saudi Arabia, with a specific focus on Al-Qashla Palace in Hail City. In alignment with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030, which seeks to promote heritage and protect historical sites, this research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of existing conservation interventions. By identifying both the successes and shortcomings of these practices, the study seeks to inform the development of future regulations and interventions that will contribute to achieving the vision’s goals and ensure the preservation of historic properties in the most effective manner. The study begins by analysing the conservation mechanisms currently employed by the responsible authorities, including relevant legislation and standards. It then provides an in-depth overview of the architectural and historical significance of mud architecture in the Najd and Hail regions, highlighting the traditional construction methods used. Through a combined theoretical and practical research approach, the study gathers comprehensive data on the current status of Al-Qashla Palace. This is achieved through field visits, analysis of research and archival documents, and interviews with experts in the field. The thesis examines specific conservation interventions at Al-Qashla Palace, assessing how current practices have evolved from previous approaches that often compromised the authenticity of historic buildings. The findings reveal that while recent efforts by the Heritage Commission demonstrate progress in raising awareness and strengthening legislative support, significant challenges persist. Notably, the use of modern materials that are incompatible with traditional methods and a shortage of conservation specialists remain critical issues. The study concludes with recommendations aimed at enhancing mud building conservation practices, ensuring the long-term preservation of Saudi Arabia’s unique architectural heritage.