Orthodontic problems in children and adolescents with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A scoping review

Abstract

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a rare genetic disorder affecting tooth enamel in both primary and permanent dentitions, causing brittle, discoloured, sensitive, or missing enamel issues. Although anecdotal evidence suggests a link between AI and malocclusion, particularly an anterior open bite, its impact on children with AI and their treatment are unclear.

Aim: to identify the existing evidence regarding the relationship between Amelogenesis imperfecta and orthodontic malocclusions. Additionally, to explore this condition's clinical and personal burden and prevalence in children and adolescents.

Methods: a scoping review followed the JBI scoping review methodology. A preliminary search was conducted. The study used five electronic databases (Medline via Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, and CINAHL). In addition, grey literature databases and websites of organisations were used. Tables and narrative summaries were used to present the data.

Results: 132 sources were identified during the initial search, with 45 duplicates removed. After assessing the articles' titles, abstracts and reviewing the complete text,18 relevant articles were identified. The majority of the articles are case reports. The clinical and social impact of AI with malocclusion remains unexplored. One study reported AI with malocclusion prevalence at 57.8%, with anterior open bite being the most common type. No costs of treatment and quality of life have been discussed in any case reports.

Conclusion: This review highlights the need for further research on AI with malocclusion prevalence and its potential underlying causes. Moreover, future investigations should also focus on investigating the broader impact of AI and malocclusion on the clinical, and social well-being of children, adolescents, and their families. Additionally, comprehensive research should include evaluating treatment costs and long-term outcomes, including aspects like pain, occlusion, and aesthetics.