A Meta-Synthesis of Fathers’ Experiences During the Intranatal Period
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Date
2026
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Saudi Digital Library
Abstract
Background: Fathers’ involvement during the intranatal period has become increasingly recognised as an essential component in family-centred maternity care. Yet, despite a growing international focus, many fathers continue to experience perceived stress and a lack of educational preparation. A first synthesis by Johansson et al. (2015) demonstrated the need for enhanced paternal support; however, additional research related to emerging experiences and support mechanisms suggests an update review is required. Aim: To update Johansson et al.’s (2015) meta-synthesis by exploring qualitative evidence related to fathers’ experiences during the intranatal period. Method: A meta-synthesis of 8 qualitative studies was conducted utilising Thomas and Harden’s (2008) thematic synthesis approach. Studies were appraised using established quality criteria (Moult et al., 2018). The findings were generated inductively to explore the main themes and sub-themes associated with paternal experiences during the intranatal period. Findings: Five main themes where identified: (1) Fear and turmoil related to obstetrical emergencies (2) Impact of sociocultural and gendered constructs, (3) Childbirth as a catalyst for fatherhood identity, (4) Institutional inclusion and exclusion, and (5) Informational preparedness and empowerment. Compared to the original synthesis by Johansson et al. (2015), this review provides further insight into how sociocultural norms, institutional contexts, and paternal identity formation interact to shape fathers’ experiences of being present at birth. Conclusion: This study reinforces an extends prior findings established by Johansson et al. (2015) highlighting evolving psychological, institutional, informational, and sociocultural dimensions of fathers’ experiences of the intranatal period. Despite recommendations for advocacy towards partner-inclusive care, implementation remains inconsistent. There is a need for more structured preparation, healthcare professionals’ training, culturally responsive practices, and systematic reform to meaningfully include fathers in the intranatal period. Keywords: Fatherhood, Intranatal, Childbirth, Labour, Qualitative, Meta-Synthesis, Paternal Involvement, Experience, Maternity Care, Digital.
Description
Title: A Meta-Synthesis of Fathers’ Experiences During the Intranatal Period Overview: This dissertation explores the experiences of fathers during the intranatal period, which encompasses the time from the onset of labor through the birth of the child. Utilising a meta-synthesis approach, the research aggregates and analyses qualitative studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of fathers' emotional, psychological, and social experiences during this critical time. Key Components: Objective: To understand fathers' perspectives and the impact of their experiences on perinatal care and family dynamics. Methodology: A systematic review of existing qualitative literature focusing on fathers' experiences. Thematic analysis to identify common themes and variations in experiences. Findings: Insights into fathers' emotional responses, involvement in the birthing process, and interactions with healthcare providers. Identification of support systems and barriers faced during the intranatal period. Implications: Recommendations for enhancing paternal involvement in perinatal care. Suggestions for healthcare practices to better address the needs and concerns of fathers during childbirth. This dissertation contributes to the growing body of literature on paternal roles in perinatal health, emphasizing the importance of including fathers’ voices in discussions and practices surrounding childbirth.
Keywords
Fatherhood, Intranatal, Childbirth, Labour, Qualitative, Meta-Synthesis, Paternal Involvement, Experience, Maternity Care, Digital.