What are the challenges and opportunities in the relationship between Saudi Arabia and Iran in the post-Khomeini era?

Abstract

The Saudi-Iranian relationship was characterised by historical tensions and geopolitical, religious, and economic competition, influenced by various local, regional, and international factors. This research deals with the beginning of Saudi-Iranian relations from the beginning of the Khomeini Revolution until 2024, as it includes the challenges that both countries faced after 1979, the events of the First and Second Gulf Wars, and proxy conflicts in the Middle East region. Despite all these challenges facing the two countries, there are many common interests, such as OPEC and their joining the BRICS and Shangahan Cooperation Organisations, in addition to the Chinese agreements that were recently signed, which forced the two countries to strengthen their relationship with each other, which will lead to stability the region, not just the two countries. This facilitates both countries to achieve their goals, as Saudi Arabia seeks to achieve its Vision 2030, in addition to Iran’s attempt to avoid its isolation and lift international sanctions on it.