The Role of Renewable Energy Investments in Driving Sustainable Economic Development

Abstract

This dissertation explores the role of renewable energy investments in driving sustainable economic development in the United Kingdom. The research begins from a simple idea: Clean energy is not only concerned with environmental protection; it also advances social welfare and economic growth. The study aims to examine how such investments influence GDP growth, job creation, regional equity, innovation, and systemic resilience.

A mixed-methods case study approach was adopted. Quantitative analysis of national indicators (GDP, productivity, jobs, patents, and foreign investment) was combined with qualitative review of government policies, strategy papers, and data from reliable organisations. This balance allows a broad and deep understanding.

The findings show that investments in renewable energy have grown strongly since 2010, with offshore wind leading the way. These investments supported GDP, improved labour productivity, and created more than 247,000 jobs by 2023. They also contributed to innovation and made the UK less dependent on fossil fuel imports. However, there are challenges: high upfront costs, policy uncertainty, and grid limitations.

The dissertation concludes that renewable energy investments are not only necessary for achieving climate goals but also a strategic pathway for inclusive and sustainable economic growth.