The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Health Practices and Oral Health Outcomes in Children: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Oral health is a critical aspect of overall well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected children's oral health through dental clinic closures, disrupted school-based oral health programs, increased sugary snack consumption, and changes in oral hygiene behaviours Aim: The aim of this study was to undertake a scoping review of the literature on the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental health practices and oral Health outcomes in children. Methods: A literature search was carried out using three online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to select studies published between 2020 and 2023. The initial search included 516 results, which were subsequently screened based on their titles and abstracts. After screening process, 16 studies were considered for the final review. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted access to dental care for children, especially in lower income countries and among those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Health behaviours, such as brushing frequency and dietary habits, varied during the pandemic, with some children improving their oral care and food choices while others experienced declines. Dental caries prevalence increased, affecting children's quality of life, particularly when parents were distressed. Conclusion: The pandemic had adverse effects on the availability of dental clinics and has exacerbated inequality. It has also impacted children's Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQOL) and behaviour, leading to reduced brushing and increased sugar consumption. Parental involvement and education play a crucial role in addressing these issues.