SACM - Australia
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9648
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Item Restricted AI in Telehealth for Cardiac Care: A Literature Review(University of technology sydney, 2024-03) Alzahrani, Amwaj; Li, lifuThis literature review investigates the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in telehealth, with a specific focus on its applications in cardiac care. The review explores how AI enhances remote patient monitoring, facilitates personalized treatment plans, and improves healthcare accessibility for patients with cardiac conditions. AI-driven tools, such as wearable devices and implantable medical devices, have demonstrated significant potential in tracking critical health parameters, enabling timely interventions, and fostering proactive patient care. Additionally, AI-powered chatbots and telehealth platforms provide patients with real-time support and guidance, enhancing engagement and adherence to treatment regimens. The findings reveal that AI contributes to improving healthcare outcomes by enabling early detection of cardiac events, tailoring treatment plans to individual patient needs, and expanding access to care for underserved populations. However, the integration of AI in telehealth is not without challenges. Ethical considerations, such as ensuring data privacy, managing biases in AI algorithms, and addressing regulatory complexities, emerge as critical areas requiring attention. Furthermore, technological limitations, including the need for robust validation and patient acceptance of AI technologies, underscore the importance of bridging the gap between research and real-world implementation. This review also examines future trends, including the integration of blockchain technology with AI to enhance data security and privacy in telehealth systems. Advancements in machine learning and the Internet of Things (IoT) are paving the way for innovative solutions, such as secure remote monitoring and personalized rehabilitation programs. While AI holds transformative potential in revolutionizing telehealth services for cardiac patients, addressing these challenges is imperative to ensure equitable, effective, and patient-centered care. This review underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and regulatory oversight to unlock the full potential of AI in telehealth and improve outcomes for cardiac patients globally.13 0Item Restricted Effectiveness of prevent, detect, escape E-module(The University of Sydney, 2023-05) Alanazi, Maram; Cook, AngelaThis research project investigated the effectiveness of the CFA and FRV's "Prevent, Detect, Escape" e-learning module designed to improve fire safety awareness among high-risk populations in Victoria. The study analyzed immediate feedback surveys, follow-up surveys, and phone interviews with participants who completed the online training. Key findings reveal that 80% of contacted care organizations have mandated the e-learning module, primarily due to new NDIS policies and the module's valuable knowledge. The research identified several critical insights for improving the e-module, including: Incorporating scenario-based content Adding knowledge-testing questions Making technological improvements Developing an in-person course access option The project's primary objectives were to understand barriers to implementing fire safety behaviors, gather participant suggestions for course improvement, and provide evidence to enhance educational tools for people at higher risk of residential fires. The long-term goal is to reduce preventable residential fires and fire-related fatalities, particularly among vulnerable populations in Victoria9 0Item Restricted The Cross-Section of Stock Returns and Factor Premiums in the Saudi Stock Market(Victoria University, 2024-04) Alshaikhmubarek, Asim; Seelanatha, Lalith; Kulendran, NadaThe recent reformation and globalisation of the Saudi stock market have underscored the necessity of investigating the patterns that drive market returns, with factor premiums and asset pricing models serving as crucial analytical tools for this purpose. Therefore, this study examines whether the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model (FF5FM) provides a better explanation for the cross-section of stock returns than the Fama and French (1992) three-factor model (FF3FM), and whether the factors utilised in these asset pricing models have a significant premium in the Saudi stock market. Furthermore, this study introduces a new factor, the Islamic premium, to the Fama and French asset pricing models and examines whether this factor has a significant premium or enhances the models’ ability to describe the variation in average returns. The research also investigates whether the recent global market integration has altered the significance of the factor premiums and the explanatory power of asset pricing models. Finally, to understand the market behaviour during crises, the impact of COVID-19 on stock performance and factor premiums is analysed. A one sample t-test is employed first to examine the significance of all factor premiums. Then, the GRS test for portfolio efficiency is used to compare the performance of the asset pricing models and to identify the most effective model based on the lowest GRS value. Then, this study divides the sample period into two subperiods – pre- and post-global integration – to assess the significance of the factor premiums (using a one-sample t-test) and the performance of the asset pricing models (using the GRS test) in each subperiod. Additionally, a two-sample t-test is conducted to ascertain any significant changes in the factor premiums, and robustness checks are performed using monthly/weekly returns and value-weighted/equal-weighted portfolios across all the methods applied in this study. Finally, panel regression analysis and the Wald test are used to examine the implications of COVID-19 on the performance of stocks in the market. This study finds that the value premium is the only factor that has a significant equity premium across all the examined portfolios. This indicates that future investors in the Saudi stock market could generate higher returns if they invest in stocks with a higher B/M ratio. However, the study also finds that the inverse of the investment premium is significant, which means the stocks with higher investment growth have a significant equity premium. This may be attributed to investors’ potential overreaction to positive news, such as investment growth, and herding behaviour. The study further finds that Fama and French’s FF5FM generally outperforms FF3FM, particularly when using factors constructed from the 2 × 3 sort. Conversely, when employing factors from the 2 × 2 sort, the Islamic premium notably enhances the explanatory power of FF5FM and FF3FM. The study finds evidence that the size effect started to reappear in the market after global integration. More substantial evidence shows that the value premium emerged following changes in market demographics. On the other hand, the inverse of the investment premium was significant before global integration but has disappeared since then. These findings show that after market reforms, investors in the Saudi market have made more informed investment decisions and paid more attention to factor premiums. The study also found that the best asset pricing model for describing variation in the cross-section of stock returns differed before and after the global market integration. From 2018 onward, incorporating Islamic premiums have improved the explanatory power of the Fama and French asset pricing models. Additionally, value-weighted portfolios always give higher returns than equal-weighted portfolios. This could be due to the poor performance of smaller stocks and higher exposure to larger stocks in value-weighted portfolios. Finally, there is evidence that Islamic and less profitable stocks performed poorly compared to non-Islamic and more profitable stocks during the COVID-19 crisis, most likely due to liquidity challenges. Most firms experienced a revenue decline during COVID-19, particularly stocks with low profitability, as they already had cash flow issues. However, the limited financial sources available to Islamic stocks compared to non-Islamic stocks worsened their liquidity position and made them more vulnerable.9 0Item Restricted Utilizing Artificial Intelligence to Develop Machine Learning Techniques for Enhancing Academic Performance and Education Delivery(University of Technology Sydney, 2024) Allotaibi, Sultan; Alnajjar, HusamArtificial Intelligence (AI) and particularly the related sub-discipline of Machine Learning (ML), have impacted many industries, and the education industry is no exception because of its high-level data handling capacities. This paper discusses the various AI technologies coupled with ML models that enhance learners' performance and the delivery of education systems. The research aims to help solve the current problems of the growing need for individualized education interventions arising from student needs, high dropout rates and fluctuating academic performance. AI and ML can then analyze large data sets to recognize students who are at risk academically, gauge course completion and learning retention rates, and suggest interventions to students who may require them. The study occurs in a growing Computer-Enhanced Learning (CED) environment characterized by elearning, blended learning, and intelligent tutelage. These technologies present innovative concepts to enhance administrative procedures, deliver individualized tutorials, and capture students' attention. Using predictive analytics and intelligent tutors, AI tools can bring real-time student data into the classroom so that educators can enhance the yields by reducing dropout rates while increasing performance. Not only does this research illustrate the current hope and promise of AI/ML in the context of education, but it also includes relevant problems that arise in data privacy and ethics, as well as technology equality. To eliminate the social imbalance in its use, the study seeks to build efficient and accountable AI models and architectures to make these available to all students as a foundation of practical education. The students’ ideas also indicate that to prepare the learning environments of schools for further changes, it is necessary to increase the use of AI/ML in learning processes11 0Item Restricted Safe Return to Driving after Sustaining Road Traffic Injuries: Driver Assessment and Rehabilitation in Saudi Arabia(Monash University, 2024) Alhashmi, Doha Hassan; Oxley, Jennie; Fossey, Ellie; Lalor, AislinnBackground: In Saudi Arabia, motor vehicle crashes are a major cause of injury and disability. Rehabilitation is essential to reduce the severity and long-term disabilities resulting from road traffic injuries and to ensure successful reintegration of individuals into society. Occupational therapy plays a crucial role in this rehabilitation process. Since the occupational therapy profession is relatively new in Saudi Arabia, this thesis aimed to explore utilising occupational therapy services within post-crash rehabilitation and addressing safe return to driving. It also aimed to identify suitable interventions and policies that could enhance rehabilitation practices in the Saudi context. Methods: This research used a mixed methods approach involving quantitative and qualitative methods. Initially, a systematic review of methods to evaluate at-risk drivers was conducted. This was followed by two complementary studies: a quantitative observational retrospective cohort review and a descriptive qualitative study. The quantitative study used existing registry data from a Saudi major trauma centre. Data for 475 trauma registry patients was analysed using descriptive and regression analyses. Then qualitative semi-structured interviews with 13 occupational therapists explored their perspectives on post-crash rehabilitation practices and assessment of at-risk drivers. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: The systematic review revealed the main approaches used internationally to assess at-risk drivers. Over two-thirds of the reviewed studies used on-road driving performance tests to ii determine driving competence independently or in combination with another method. The quantitative study data revealed that following RTIs, occupational therapy is utilised for several reasons and that the only significant predictor of occupational therapy referral (df=1, p=.049, CI=1.011- 75.27) was combined rehabilitation services use. The qualitative study identified themes highlighting the inaccessibility of post-crash rehabilitation due to multiple factors, including service centralisation and high demand. The rehabilitation pathway was described; there was also a lack of clarity on the occupational therapists’ role among other health professionals. Current limitations of rehabilitation services include insufficient experienced and specialised therapists, the predominance of the biomedical framework and the impairment focus in the current practice. The therapists in this study also reported their lack of knowledge and practical skills for driver assessment and rehabilitation practices, and their need for support and infrastructure to develop this practice area in Saudi Arabia. They also recommended the need for more research and engagement with stakeholders to establish this specialised practice area. Conclusions: This thesis highlighted the current practice challenges for rehabilitation following road traffic injuries in Saudi Arabia and emphasised the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in post-crash care. The thesis advocates a collaborative, participative approach to developing a driver assessment and rehabilitation policy by involving stakeholders, including at-risk drivers, healthcare professionals, and licensing authorities, so as to create a tailored and effective policy for Saudi Arabia. This is a crucial first step toward establishing a safe and sustainable practice framework that can enable therapists to 1) provide needed service to at risk drivers, 2) support at-risk drivers to resume driving safely and have meaningful and fulfilled lives, 3) protect all road users from preventable car crashes, and 4) alleviate the country’s burden from further road traffic injuries.9 0Item Restricted The Effect of CEO Cash-based Compensation on Accounting Fraud(Monash University, 2024-11) Alohaymid, Elham; Duong, HuuThis paper investigates whether CEO cash-based compensation mitigates or promotes accounting fraud in publicly listed U.S. firms. Using logistic regression on a sample from 1992–2023, we find a significant negative association between cash-based compensation and fraud likelihood, indicating that a higher proportion of cash pay may reduce incentives for fraudulent financial reporting. Our findings highlight the importance of compensation structure, showing that cash-based pay can moderate fraud risks associated with other forms of compensation. This study contributes to the literature by examining the often-overlooked role of cash-based compensation in reducing fraud risk, offering empirical support for more balanced CEO pay structures. These insights have practical implications for corporate governance, suggesting that structuring CEO compensation with a greater emphasis on cash could enhance long-term stability and reduce incentives for fraudulent practices.18 0Item Restricted Navigating Margins and Mirrors: The Legacy of Shakespeare’s Caliban Across Comics, Film, and Digital Realms(The University of Sydney, 2024-11) Alsobaie, Sarah Saad; Semler, LiamThis dissertation examines the multifaceted legacy of Shakespeare's Caliban, tracing his evolution from a theatrical character to a complex icon in comics, film, and video games. Through a comprehensive analysis of Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope, the idea of Shakespeare User, and Foucault’s concept of Heterotopia. This study explores how Caliban’s portrayals across various media reflect and influence societal attitudes towards themes of marginalisation, discrimination, and identity. Each chapter dissects a different medium—Marvel Comics, the film Logan, and interactive digital games and gaming communities—revealing the nuanced ways in which Caliban's character challenges or reinforces cultural narratives about otherness and belonging. In Marvel Comics, Caliban’s visual and narrative depictions illustrate the ongoing struggles with inclusion and exclusion within American culture. The film Logan provides a more intimate look at Caliban's role, highlighting his journey towards self-autonomy and the impact of existential challenges marginalised individuals face. However, video games offer a new dimension where players directly influence Caliban’s representation, thereby actively contributing to the discourse on identity and alienation. This research contributes to academic discussions on the adaptation and persistence of literary figures in modern media. It suggests that the evolution of Caliban's character in popular culture mirrors contemporary societal issues and serves as a canvas for exploring deep-seated cultural dynamics. Through this exploration, the dissertation not only addresses the adaptability and resilience of Shakespearean characters in contemporary settings but also underscores the importance of narrative spaces in shaping and reshaping cultural identity and societal norms.10 0Item Restricted Work Productivity among Australian Palliative Care Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction(La Trobe University, 2024-07) Baqeas, Manal; Copnell, BevSimilar to their counterparts worldwide, Australian palliative care nurses played a significant role in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and reported feeling overwhelmed. This research focused on the work productivity of palliative care nurses in Australia during the pandemic and associations between work productivity and professional quality of life, including compassion fatigue (CF), comprising burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS), and compassion satisfaction (CS). A scoping review was first conducted on CF and CS among palliative care providers (nurses and other professionals). A correlational, cross-sectional research design was employed. Measures were collected in 2021 using an online survey with a sample of 208 nurses working in a range of palliative care settings. Participants demonstrated moderate levels of BO, STS, and CS. Work productivity was negatively associated with burnout but positively associated with CS and with STS in a nonlinear manner. Following identification of potential confounding variables and moderators of the relationships between work productivity and measures of professional quality of life, a regression model was developed to maximise the prediction of work productivity. As well as burnout, STS and CF, this model included nurses’ gender, work setting, and religiosity, and whether they had been diagnosed with COVID-19. During the pandemic, participants reported various challenges and difficulties. Fear of being infected contributed to the pressures they felt. However, they also acquired new skills, were given new responsibilities, implemented new work practices, and paid better attention to infection prevention. The work productivity of palliative care nurses can be enhanced by improving their professional quality of life. Evidence-based policy and practices are needed to address heavy workloads, staffing shortages, inadequate staff training, and risk of infection, along with improving leadership and providing better access to professional psychological support. Such changes would help optimise the quality of care provided for patients at end of life.3 0Item Restricted Building Fire Risk Associated with Electrical Failure(Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, 2024) AlHabdan, Ahmad; Nguyen, KateThis study investigates the most frequent electrical malfunctions leading to residential fires. Key findings highlight faulty wiring, circuit overloads, and arcing as primary causes, particularly in aging infrastructure. Seasonal demand spikes and environmental factors exacerbate risks. The research emphasizes preventive measures such as regular inspections, protective devices like AFCIs and GFCIs, and retrofitting outdated systems. Recommendations aim to enhance fire safety standards, address socioeconomic barriers, and integrate smart technologies for proactive fire risk management.34 0Item Restricted The Psychology of the Third Space: Fragmented Hybrid Identities in Lyrics Alley, The Map of Love and In the Eye of the Sun(The University of Sydney, 2024-09) Fagehi, Nehad Ali; Boer, NienkeThis dissertation underscores the psychological facets of Homi Bhabha’s concept of the Third Space, an arena where culturally hybrid identities are formed and negotiated. With acknowledgment of the transformative potential of cultural hybridity in shaping dynamic identities and challenging established power structures, this thesis, rather, examines its frequently neglected psychological consequences, particularly for female characters who navigate conflicting cultural and gender expectations. Through the analysis of three positions —insider, outsider, and insider-outsider— embodied respectively by three principal characters from three different texts, Soraya Abuzeid in Lyrics Alley by Leila Aboulela, Anna Winterbourne in The Map of Love, and Asya al-Ulama in In the Eye of the Sun, both authored by Ahdaf Soueif, the study demonstrates that the Third Space, while facilitating hybrid identities and providing new cultural possibilities, concurrently presents considerable psychological burdens. Soraya, an insider navigating the intersection of Sudanese traditions and Western modernity, confronts the combined demands of patriarchal norms and colonial standards, exposing the psychological intricacies that accompany these interactions. Anna, a British outsider attempting to assimilate into Egyptian culture, experiences alienation from her colonial origins and encounters estrangement in her adopted society, underscoring the fragility of cultural belonging. Finally, Asya, an insider-outsider reflecting both Egyptian and Western traits, grapples with self-doubt and the psychological dissonance of reconciling contradictory cultural paradigms, exacerbated by her opposition to systems of patriarchy. Ultimately, this study concludes with an emphasis on the duality of the Third Space as a site of both potential and conflict as it extends discussions of hybridity from its liberatory possibilities to its psychological ramifications, particularly for women in colonial, postcolonial, and globalised contexts. Through its nuanced exploration of identity, culture, and gender, this thesis attempts to offer fresh insights into the complex interplay of cultural hybridity in literature.19 0