SACM - Malaysia
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9660
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Item Restricted BIOMASS-DERIVED GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO) SUPPORTED - METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK (MOF) POLYANILINE- BASED NANOCOMPOSITE FOR THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS IONS (Pb 2+, Ni 2+) IN WATER(Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2024-09) Alshammeri, Thamer Naif K; Ibrahim, Mohamad; Shahadat, MohamadThe global concern of contamination of heavy metals in water sources is significant. Industrial effluents, which contain pollutants, are released into water sources, hence increasing the probability of heavy metal toxicity in both humans and aquatic organisms. The current investigation focuses on developing a GO/PANI/MOF nanocomposite adsorbent. This nanocomposite is designed to effectively adsorb heavy metal ions (Pb2+ and Ni2+) from synthetic sample. The existence of functional groups, the material's crystallinity property, thermal stability, and surface area, were assessed using several techniques. Specifically, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to identify functional groups, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to assess the material's crystalline structure, and thermal stability was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to examine surface morphology. The current study investigated the different physiochemical parameters such as, adsorbent dose, contacting time, heavy metal ion concentration, pH, and temperature influence the adsorption of heavy metal ions. The GO/PANI/MOF-based nanocomposite was employed as an effective adsorbent for removing Pb²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions. The GO/PANI/MOF-based nanocomposite showed its excellent efficiency at a pH of 6, with a dosage of adsorbent of 50 mg and a starting concentration of metal ions of 60 ppm for Pb2+ and 45 ppm for Ni2+ , respectively, at room temperature (25±2 °C). The equilibrium time required for Pb2+ was 90 min and 120 min for Ni2+. The optimum capacity for adsorption for Pb2+ was determined to be 50 mg/g and 42 mg/g for Ni2+. Furthermore, kinetic, isotherms, and thermodynamics studies were also investigated. This was observed in synthetic water sample. The GO/PANI/MOF nanocomposite has a high capacity for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater, making it a promising option for successful treatment. Keywords: Adsorption, wastewater treatment, GO/PANI/MOF nanocomposite, water pollution.4 0Item Restricted CHITOSAN COMPOSITE BEADS FOR THE REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION(2023-09-20) Alshammary, Sami; Anwar, MohammadChitosan-reinforced sodium alginate and bentonite (CS-SA-Ben) composite beads were synthesized using the ionic gelation method as biosorbents for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. The synthesized beads were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and a digital microscope. The FTIR analyses indicate that the observed large peak at roughly 3420 cm-1 corresponds to hydroxyle (-OH) and amino (-NH2) stretching vibrations, showing the existence of these functional groups in chitosan. Chitosan's XRD pattern shows distinct peaks at specific diffraction angles, showing its crystalline structure. The digital microscope shows the size of the adsorbent, which is around 3916.21 μm. The batch adsorption method was carried out to illustrate the adsorptive capabilities of Chitosan-Sodium alginate-Bentonite in adsorbing MB. The highest adsorption of MB (88%) was achieved within 6 h when 400 mg of the biosorbent was used at 50 ˚C and pH 12 in a water bath shaker and stirred at a speed of 200 rpm. The adsorption is proposed to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics, with a linear regression coefficient (R2) of 0.982, demonstrating that MB followed the chemisorption mechanism. The Langmuir model was determined to better describe the adsorption process than the Freundlich model. Through the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) of the biosorbent was observed to be 48.94 mg/g under the optimum conditions. The CS-SA-Ben can be repeatedly used without losing its adsorptive capabilities.19 0Item Restricted PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT TREATMENT USING RICE HUSK-BASED ADSORBENT(Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2024) ALGHAMDI ABDULMAJEED HASEN A; Puteh, Mohd HafizThis study addresses the environmental challenges posed by the palm oil industry, specifically focusing on the mitigation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). The main aim of the research is to explore the efficiency and environmental impact of using rice husk-based adsorbents to treat POME. This involves comprehensive adsorption studies to assess the capacity of rice husk-based adsorbents in removing recalcitrant contaminants from POME, ultimately improving its quality. This study offers a sustainable and economically feasible treatment method for POME, addressing both environmental and industrial concerns. By transforming agricultural waste (rice husks) into a valuable resource for wastewater treatment, the research aligns with green chemistry principles and promotes circular economy practices. The study utilizes various surface modification techniques such as chemical functionalization and nanocomposite formation to enhance the performance of rice husk-based adsorbents. Experimental conditions were precisely defined, including the use of different pyrolysis temperatures, dosages, and pH levels, to optimize the adsorption process. The research also involved statistical analysis, including F-tests, to determine the significance of observed differences under varying conditions. The main findings indicate that rice husk-based biochar is effective in reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and ammonia levels in POME. The optimal conditions for maximum pollutant removal were identified to be biochar produced at 800°C showed the highest overall removal efficiency. A dosage of 8 g/L was found to be the most effective for both COD and ammonia removal. The most acidic (pH 4) condition was favourable for COD removal, while ammonia removal remained consistently high across all pH levels, demonstrating that modified rice husk adsorbents can significantly improve the quality of treated POME. The study also revealed the importance of surface modifications in overcoming the inherent limitations of raw rice husk adsorbents. In conclusion, this study contributes to the field by providing a viable solution for POME treatment using rice husk-based adsorbents. It highlights the potential of agricultural waste as an effective and sustainable resource for wastewater treatment, paving the way for further innovations in environmental management.15 0Item Restricted THORIUM REMOVAL FROM RARE EARTH INDUSTRIAL RESIDUE USING NATURAL AND MODIFIED ZEOLITES(Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2024-07-24) Alotaibi, Abdulrhman Masoud D; Ismail, Aznan Fazli BinThe rare-earth industries produce a significant quantity of radioactive residue that contains elevated thorium concentrations. Therefore, thorium removal from radioactive waste is regarded as a crucial issue in the treatment of such waste due to its radiotoxicity, chemical toxicity, and long half-life, which could potentially have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Furthermore, the removal of thorium from radioactive residues using appropriate treatments can reduce the amount of waste that needs to be disposed of. This study investigates the removal of thorium ions from synthetic thorium solutions and industrial rare earth residue known as Water Leach Purification (WLP) using natural and modified zeolites. The natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) was modified with sulphate and phosphate anions. The physical and chemical characterization of natural zeolite (NZ), phosphate-modified zeolite (PZ), and sulfate-modified zeolite (SZ) was conducted using various characterization techniques. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory to assess the suitability of the examined adsorbent materials for the removal of thorium. Adsorption of thorium from the aqueous solutions was investigated via a batch method. Furthermore, isotherm models, kinetic models, and other experimental parameters that affect the adsorption process were also investigated. The successful modification of NZ with sulfate and phosphate anions was confirmed through shifts observed in the Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR). Furthermore, the energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis results unequivocally verified the presence of sulfate and phosphate elements in the structures of SZ and PZ, respectively. Findings proves that the modification to the surface of NZ has been successfully carried out. The modification of NZ reduced its specific surface area but increased its thorium adsorption capacity. The obtained results from the adsorption of thorium ions on NZ, PZ and SZ demonstrated that the investigated adsorbents were capable of removing thorium ions from aqueous solutions. The results indicated that the experimental maximum adsorption capacities of NZ, PZ, and SZ for thorium are found to be 12.7, 17.4, and 13.8 mg/g, respectively. The analysis of isotherms indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the experimental data. The modification of NZ with sulfate anions did not lead to a notable enhancement in its thorium ion adsorption capacity. In contrast, the adsorption capacity was significantly improved when it was modified with phosphate anions. The effect of experimental variables, including contact time, mass of the adsorbent, initial thorium concentration, and pH level of the solution, was scrutinized utilizing the batch mode method to identify the optimal adsorption conditions. The findings revealed that the best parameters for thorium adsorption included a 24-hour contact time, 0.03 grams of PZ, a pH of 3, and a temperature of 25°C. Studies on the kinetics of adsorption showed that the thorium adsorption onto PZ was a good fit for the pseudo-second-order model. The application of PZ to treat actual industrial rare earth residue (WLP) under optimized conditions demonstrated that almost complete thorium removal (> 99%) was achieved from the leached WLP solution. The results obtained indicated that PZ proved to be an exceptionally effective adsorbent material for thorium removal from real industrial rare earth residue using the adsorption method, leading to a decrease in waste volume for final disposal.40 0