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    A Critical Analysis of Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities in Satellite Ground Systems
    (University of the West of England, 2024) Almutairi, Faisal; Mills, Alan
    The growing dependence on satellite ground systems for critical applications such as telecommunications, navigation, and weather forecasting has underscored the importance of cybersecurity in these systems. This paper critically analyses the current state of cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities in satellite ground systems. Utilising a comprehensive literature review and critical analysis of existing scholarly works, technical papers, and industry reports, this study identifies key cyber threats, including unauthorised access, jamming, spoofing, Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), man-in-the-middle attacks, eavesdropping, and hijacking. The analysis reveals vulnerabilities in encryption protocols and communication channels. The study evaluates existing security measures and highlights gaps in empirical validation and practical implementation. It emphasises the need for robust encryption methods, advanced cryptographic techniques, and adaptive security strategies. We also discuss the crucial step of enhancing the resilience of satellite ground systems by incorporating developing technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and quantum cryptography. This paper concludes with practical recommendations, emphasising empirical validation of security measures and comprehensive risk management frameworks. The research aims to improve the security and reliability of satellite ground systems, ensuring their protection against evolving cyber threats and contributing to the overall enhancement of cybersecurity in this infrastructure
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    COMPARING AND ASSESSING THE POLYGENIC PREDICTORS ACCURACY ACROSS EUROPEAN, AFRICAN AND SOUTH ASIAN ANCESTRY FOR COMMON DISEASES AND TRAITS
    (The university of Exeter, 2023) Almutairi, Faisal; Wood, Andrew
    An evaluation of the polygenic score's predictive accuracy and portability for common diseases (CAD and breast cancer) and traits (height and BMI) across European, African, and South Asian ancestries was conducted. Using effect sizes estimated in European individuals, and data from the UK Biobank (which includes imputed genotypes and phenotypes for 500,000 individuals). The findings revealed that the polygenic score's predictive accuracy was inadequate for African and South Asian ancestries, indicating that the score performs optimally when derived from the same ancestry it is applied to.
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