SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
Browse
232 results
Search Results
Item Restricted Exploring Factors Influencing Nurse Attrition in Intensive Care Unit in Critical Care in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review(Queens University Belfast, 2025-02-10) McKenna, Niall; Brown, MichaelBackground Methodology & search strategy Result Discussion conclusion7 0Item Restricted The Enforcement of Saudi Securities Fraud Law: A Critical Analysis in Light of the United States and United Kingdom Experiences(University of Leeds, 2024) Almedlej, Abdullah Mohammed A; Steven Montagu-Cairns, Andrew Campbell andThe enforcement of securities fraud is a significant challenge for governments around the globe. Securities fraud manifested through market manipulation and insider trading is inherently complex, and poses difficulties for legislators, who struggle to provide clear legal definitions of the term, and prosecutors looking to assert criminal liability. Moreover, the rapid evolution of fraudulent market practices, fuelled by the swift advancement of technology, has compelled governments to continually develop enforcement strategies. The determination of whether a violation constitutes civil or criminal liability shapes the basis of civil enforcement and criminal prosecution. Regulatory bodies must be empowered to effectively respond to securities fraud cases through various enforcement mechanisms. Indeed, Saudi Arabia has been progressively modernising its legal system and developing its financial sector through Vision 2030. The US securities fraud regime and its enforcement systems, conducted through the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which was established following the Great Crash of 1929, have considerably influenced and been adapted by other jurisdictions. The 2007–2008 financial crisis spurred more effective responses to securities fraud in both the US and UK. Notably, this thesis is the first academic work to thoroughly examine the enforcement of Saudi securities fraud law. This thesis aims to evaluate the enforcement regime of Saudi securities fraud by drawing lessons from US and UK jurisdictions. This study focuses on addressing the enforcement of market manipulation and insider trading laws. It also discusses the civil and criminal enforcement mechanisms available to regulatory bodies. The extensive experience of the US and UK market frameworks and the influence of their securities law legislation on the drafting of the Saudi Capital Market Law (CML) in 2003 indicate valuable recommendations for reforming the Saudi securities fraud regime and enhancing the enforcement function of the Capital Market Authority (CMA).26 0Item Restricted Government Legislation's Influence on Clean Energy Integration: A Legal Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities for Corporations in Saudi Arabia and the UK Clean Energy Sectors.(University of Westminster, 2025) Alsudais, Saleh; Muth, Daniela1. Introduction The study has provided a comparative study on the Legal Frameworks prevalent in Saudi Arabia and the UK considering the challenges faced by the corporations dealing with clean energy. It is by the year 2030 that the UK intends to accomplish the aim of producing “about half of its electricity using renewable energy sources, with the remaining 50% to be generated from gas” taking into account the point that it is beyond the testament of the commitment to sustainability for Saudi Arabia. As per the principles of the International Energy Agency (IEA), "Saudi’s electricity generation mix is still dominated by natural gas (58.4%) and oil (41.3%)” with around 0.3% found being “sourced from renewables, the majority of which is generated by solar photovoltaic (PV) facilities” . The Ten Point Plan for the Green Industrial Revolution, an initiative of the UK has been illustrated in Figure 1 below for harnessing the potential of nature to absorb carbon through the establishment of new National Parks, as well as the Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, thereby founding superior biodiversity-related havens, concentrating on the 2030’s goal of safeguarding the 30% of England’s countryside. Besides, “the Climate Change Act sets legally binding targets to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the UK by at least 80% by 2050, from 1990 levels” , which has become the Parliament’s Act in the year 2008. 1.1. Research Purpose and Objectives The main purpose of conducting this research is to provide a comparison between the clean energy regulations of Saudi Arabia and the UK. In this context, it considers exploring the impact that Saudi Arabia's accession has on the World Trade Organization taking into account the clean energy sector, encompassing the manner, in which national legislation can be influenced by international trade commitments, thereby supporting the sector’s growth over the years. Considerably, the research objectives that have been formulated for being discussed in the study are as follows: 1. Analyse Government Legislation: Examine how government legislation influences the integration of clean energy in the corporate sectors of Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom. 2. Identify Challenges and Opportunities: Identify the key legal challenges and opportunities that corporations face when complying with clean energy regulations in both regions. 3. Compare Regulatory Frameworks: Provide a comparative analysis of the clean energy regulatory frameworks in Saudi Arabia and the UK, highlighting similarities and differences. 4. Assess Impact on Corporations: Evaluate the impact of these legislative measures on corporate strategies and operations related to clean energy adoption. 5. Recommend Best Practices: Suggest best practices and actionable insights for policymakers and corporate stakeholders to enhance the effectiveness of legal frameworks and promote sustainable corporate growth in the clean energy sector. 1.2. Research Questions The completion of the study can contribute to the addressing of the main research question as provided below: • What are the key similarities and differences between the clean energy regulatory frameworks in Saudi Arabia and the UK? For addressing the main question, the below-listed sub-questions also need to be duly addressed: • How does government legislation impact the integration of clean energy in the corporate sectors of Saudi Arabia? • What are the primary legal challenges and opportunities for corporations complying with clean energy regulations in Saudi Arabia? • How do these legislative measures affect corporate strategies and operations related to clean energy adoption in both regions? • What best practices can be recommended to policymakers and corporate stakeholders to improve legal compliance and promote a robust clean energy sector in Saudi Arabia9 0Item Restricted EVENT OPERATION MANAGEMENT FOR HIKING SPORTS ACTIVITIES IN AL-ULA SAUDI ARABIA(Leeds Beckett University, 2024-12-17) Alanazi, Meshal; Dan, LomaxThis research aims to explore the role of event operation management in organising hiking sports activities in the Al-Ula area within Saudi Arabia. This is done through focusing on the challenges, responsibilities and innovative strategies employed by event managers. The study adopts a qualitative approach within an interpretive paradigm by using a case study strategy to understand the unique context of Al-Ula. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six event operation managers experienced in managing outdoor adventure activities and thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes from the qualitative data. The findings reveal that successful event operation management for hiking activities hinges on comprehensive planning, effective use of technology, collaboration with local experts and balancing sustainability with participant safety and engagement. Key responsibilities identified include efficient resource allocation, proactive risk management and maintaining participant safety. Major challenges involve logistical difficulties in remote areas, unpredictable environmental conditions and managing diverse participant needs. Innovative strategies such as GPS tracking as well as utilising sustainable materials and local partnerships were highlighted as critical for ensuring smooth and interruption-free hiking events. The study proposes a conceptual framework for adaptive event management for outdoor sports which integrates dynamic risk management, sustainable practices, technology and local expertise to enhance both operational efficiency and participant satisfaction. One main limitation of the research is its narrow geographical scope which is considering solely on hiking activities in Al- Ula. This would limit the generalisability of findings to other locations or types of events. Future research should consider expanding the scope to include diverse geographical areas and applying a mixed-methods approach to further validate the findings. The results contribute to the understanding of effective event management practices in outdoor settings mainly in challenging environments like Al-Ula10 0Item Restricted An Examination of the Integration of Visual Arts within Vision 2030: Art Cultural Transformation in Saudi Arabia(Queen's University Belfast, 2025-01-08) alghamdi, Asmaa Mohammad A; Spence, Kim-MarieThis paper examines the role Vision 2030 has played in Saudi Arabia's visual arts sector development. The study examines the impact of the ambitious national plan on cultural policies and the integration of the visual arts as a driver of economic diversification and cultural diplomacy. Through a comprehensive review of historical and contemporary developments, this research identifies how Vision 2030 initiatives, including the efforts of the Ministry of Culture and the Visual Arts Commission as well as the establishment of new institutions such as the King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture (Ithra), Misk Art Institute and Diriyah Biennale as well as the Islamic Arts Biennale, have contributed to the development of a dynamic visual arts landscape. This dissertation examines the UAE's strategy for economic diversification through the promotion of culture and the arts. With initiatives such as the Louvre Abu Dhabi and the Sharjah Biennial, the UAE has developed its cultural infrastructure, which has contributed to its positioning as a global cultural hub, and cultural projects can support national economic objectives in a variety of ways. Lastly, the findings indicate that Vision 2030 has significantly impacted Saudi Arabia's visual arts sector, promoting cultural exchange, enhancing global recognition, and contributing to economic diversification. While emphasising the importance of integrating modern art practices with the Kingdom's rich cultural heritage, the dissertation offers recommendations for expanding arts education and for ensuring sustained cultural growth beyond 2030.31 0Item Restricted Measuring patient experience of primary care and capturing patients’ perceptions of the primary care reforms in Saudi Arabia(University of Exeter, 2024) Mubarky, Abdullah; Pitchforth, Emma; Hulme, Claire; Valderas, Jose MBackground: Primary care (PC) is the backbone of most health systems around the world. In Saudi Arabia, the health system is reforming as part of the country Vision 2030 and Health Transformation Strategy. One of the principal objectives of this reform is to build a new, strong PC system to attract patients and enhance preventive care. PC will play a significant role within this transformation strategy, which calls for PC improvement in terms of facilities, services, and technology. The patient is a primary recipient and profoundly impacted by these reforms. Therefore, patient experience is essential for guiding and improving the health reform plans in Saudi primary care. Aim: This study aims to assess patient experience with PC and capture patients’ perceptions of the PC reforms in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Three pieces of work were conducted sequentially and integrated to answer the research question and achieve the study's objectives. The first was a scoping review conducted in January 2021 and updated in September 2023 that reviewed the existing instruments designed to measure patient experience in primary care globally for identifying the main domains of patients’ experiences with PC, and factors affecting those experiences. Eighty five papers were extracted and synthesised. The second piece of work was a series of eleven focus groups conducted in January/February 2022 with 44 PC patients to develop an in-depth understanding of the key issues related to PC reform in Saudi Arabia. The final piece of work was the development and implementation of a patient survey to measure patient experience with primary care and capture patients’ perceptions of the primary care reform in Saudi Arabia. The survey then distributed to PC patients. Five hundred and ninety nine individuals responded between December 2022 and February 2023. 2 Findings: Overall, there was a positive experience of accessibility to Primary Care Centres (PCCs) in Saudi Arabia. The majority of respondents expressed positive continuity of care, as they were able to receive care from their preferred primary care clinician, albeit with less continuity in their relationship with the same physician. Regarding coordination, the general quality of referrals to other healthcare providers seems to be commendable. Nevertheless, there is room for improvement in the feedback provided by other healthcare providers to PCC's physicians. Moreover, patients perceive the comprehensiveness of services provided to them in a positive manner, whereas the availability of services received a comparatively less positive rating from the respondents. The digital appointment system, known as Mawid, and the Wasfaty platform appear to be functioning effectively, resulting in a positive outcome. Two areas that warrant further attention are dental services and digital literacy, specifically in regards to Mawid. Conclusion: The study indicates that overall patient have positive experiences of primary care centres in Saudi Arabia but key areas for improvement remain. The methods developed and findings can inform future monitoring of patient experience as part of ongoing healthcare reforms.23 0Item Restricted Integrating Thinking for Stakeholder Engagement and Decision-Making in Implementing of TAAKAD Periodic Check-Ups and Preventive Screening Services(University Collage London, 2025) Alharbi, Hisham Hommoud; PaolaABSTRACT The implementation of the TAAKAD periodic check-ups and preventive screening services in Saudi Arabia faces significant challenges related to stakeholder engagement and decision-making. These challenges are exacerbated by power dynamics and the lack of integrative approaches to reconcile diverse stakeholder interests. This study explores how integrative thinking, which synthesizes opposing ideas to create innovative solutions, can enhance stakeholder engagement and ensure informed decision-making in the TAAKAD project. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed, including semi-structured interviews and questionnaires targeting key stakeholders. The research utilized the Power-Interest Matrix and Salience Model to analyze stakeholder dynamics and applied thematic analysis to identify challenges and strategies for effective engagement. Findings: The study revealed that integrative thinking significantly improves stakeholder engagement by balancing conflicting interests and fostering inclusive decision-making. However, the success of TAAKAD is hindered by operational and strategic gaps, data fragmentation, and the dominance of high-power stakeholders. The findings underscore the need for governance structures that ensure equitable participation and the use of digital technologies to enhance communication and collaboration. Research limitations: The study’s scope was limited to internal stakeholders within the TAAKAD project, and future research should include external stakeholders to provide a more comprehensive analysis. Practical implications: Healthcare organizations can adopt the recommendations from this study to enhance stakeholder engagement and decision-making processes, ensuring the successful implementation of preventive health initiatives like TAAKAD, which align with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030.26 0Item Restricted The Impact of Phishing Awareness on the Ability to Identify Phishing Threats and Improve Individual Security Behaviours Among Digital Banking Services Users in Saudi Arabia(University College London, 2024) Alzahrani, Sultan; Quintero, Juliana GomezThis study aimed to determine the impact of phishing awareness on the ability to detect phishing threats and enhance individual security behaviours among users of digital banking services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To achieve its objectives, study utilised a descriptive approach and quantitative method through a questionnaire as a tool data collection from a sample consisting of 251 bank clients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, study results showed an increase in awareness of phishing crimes and the ability to identify various phishing threats among the sample individuals. It was found that individual security behaviours were good among the sample, and the results indicated a relationship between individual security behaviours and user awareness of phishing threats. It was also found that the ability to identify phishing threats is associated with individual security behaviours.55 0Item Restricted Improving Saudi Arabia's Pharmaceutical Self-Reliance by Leveraging Innovation and Technology.(University College London (UCL), 2024) Alharthy, Khaled; Sheikh, KabirThis study explored existing the state of knowledge on innovation in the pharmaceutical sector and its transformative potential in enhancing access to antibiotics within Saudi Arabia’s pharmaceutical sector. To achieve this goal, the study developed two main objectives: a). To evaluate the use and purpose of innovation for inducement of pharmaceutical access in Saudi Arabia b). To evaluate the use and purpose of innovation for inducement of pharmaceutical access in Saudi Arabia. The study utilised a systematic review methodology guided by PRISMA guidelines to search relevant educational databases to find literature that has been published in recent years. The databases consulted included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. The search strategy focused on keywords related to antibiotics access, innovation, digital health, and pharmaceuticals in the Saudi context. Key findings indicated that technology and innovation have great potential of enhancing access to antibiotics and pharmaceuticals in general as well as improving the country's ability of self reliance. The development and integration of telehealth and e-prescription tools in Saudi Arabia’s healthcare has increased efficiency in service delivery and prescription. However, these technologies have not been optimised to facilitate access to essential drugs. The implementation of such innovations is hindered by high development costs and stringent regulatory frameworks. The study findings identified the critical need for policy reforms, investment in technological infrastructure and fundings towards pharmaceutical research and development to optimise antibiotics procurement, distribution, and patient adherence to facilitate access to antibiotics. Another critical finding was lack of studies on the significance of technology in enhancing access to antibiotics especially following the government restrictions on non-prescribed antibiotics. Future research should prioritise in identifying more ways for Saudi Arabia to become self-reliant in terms of pharmaceutical means of approach, empirical studies to establish concrete links between technological interventions and enhanced pharmaceutical access to inform evidence based policy decisions to address accessibility challenges.16 0Item Restricted Evaluating Acceptance of Lateral Wedge Insoles for Knee Osteoarthritis in Saudi Arabia: A Mixed-Methods Study(University of Nottingham, 2024) Al Assiri, Abdullah; Loagn, PipBackground: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative cartilage condition marked by inflammation and mechanical processes. In Saudi Arabia (SA), one in ten older individuals suffer from it. KOA often leads to pain, functional limitations, reduced daily activities, and diminished quality of life. For those with medial knee osteoarthritis, lateral wedge insoles (LWI) can alleviate knee pain and enhance function. While LWI offers biomechanical and symptomatic benefits, the perspectives of Saudi KOA patients and physiotherapists on its clinical use are not well-understood. In addition, there is limited research on gait modification treatment for other types of KOA, especially regarding facilitators and barriers in the Saudi context. Aims: This study aims to identify the suitability and acceptable use of the gait modification approach for reducing knee pain and enhancing functional ability among KOA patients in Saudi Arabia using a mixed methods approach. Methods & Findings: A sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach was employed for this evidence-based study, following the Medical Research Council's (MRC) Framework for Developing Complex Interventions. The research consisted of a systematic review and qualitative investigations, along with the development and testing of a feasibility study. The first component (Background, chapter 2) assesses the efficacy of various gait modification approaches on knee loading, pain, and function with KOA patients, with evidence from the Saudi healthcare system highlighted. Research goals and questions were set. The second component (Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, chapter 4) identifies the most effective gait modification approaches and their primary clinical outcomes during walking. The analysis revealed that most gait modification methods did not significantly reduce the KAM 1st peak in the short and mid-terms. However, the systematic review indicated that lateral stiffener shoes could reduce the KAM 1st peak in the short term, and re-gait training with toe-out positioning might significantly improve the KAM 2nd peak. Furthermore, in the short term, LWI significantly impacted both the KAM 2nd peak and the knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI). Despite these specific benefits, the overall effectiveness of gait modification in reducing knee loading was limited. Subsequently, the third section (Qualitative – chapter 5) utilised semi structured interviews and focus group discussions to grasp KOA patients' and physiotherapists' views on various gait modification techniques before adapting the LWI approach to the Saudi healthcare setting. This approach aimed to identify key features of gait modification and further understanding of stakeholders' knowledge, attitudes, and challenges in its application for KOA patients. The research indicated that implementing knee braces, canes, footwear and insoles was straightforward for patients and therapists, providing notable benefits and improving daily activities. Drawing from prior research, a feasibility study was designed, outlining the suggested LWI as a gait modification, implementation duration, outcomes, and satisfaction survey. The fourth component (Feasibility - chapter 7) evaluated the acceptability, tolerability, and feasibility of personalised LWI for KOA patients at a Saudi centre. This section implemented LWI as a gait modification, measuring recruitment, retention, adherence rates, the Numerical Rating Pain Scale (NRPS), the Osteoarthritis Index (WOAMC), and conducting satisfaction surveys for both patients and therapists. In the initial session, KOA patients were assigned LWI with baseline records, followed by self-reported outcomes, Then, at the 6th week, clinical outcomes (NRPS & WOAMC) were reassessed, and a survey was collected. Of the 21 KOA participants who consented for the quantitative analysis, 17 completed the final evaluation. The study achieved an 87.5% recruitment rate and an 81% retention rate after six weeks. However, it is important to note that comfort was an issue for some participants, as two withdrew citing insole discomfort. The compliance rate assisting at 5.47 hours/day, indicating a 71% adherence, which was below the targeted value. After six weeks, KOA participants showed significant improvements in the NRPS. A t-test revealed that these improvements were statistically significant (p = 0.007) with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.98). Similarly, the WOMAC results also demonstrated statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) and large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.56). Seventeen KOA patients, who completed a survey, approved the LWI and expressed their satisfaction. They rated their satisfaction with the LWI application's clarity at 5 (extremely satisfied) and their symptoms improved satisfaction with the LWI at (64.7% - very satisfied). In the survey, KOA patients rated LWI as straightforward, well-tolerated and adverse-effect-free. The overall therapists’ satisfaction median was "Very satisfied," highlighting a positive response towards the practical skills enhancement provided by the insole, while the overall median for agreement items was "Agree," indicating a consensus among therapists on the insole's beneficial impact on their treatment routine. Given these results, the suitability of LWI in KOA recovery remains debatable. Conclusion: The LWI was viewed as a viable treatment option for KOA in the Saudi context. Both patients and physiotherapists had shown significant interest in this approach. The results of a six-week intervention highlighted its practical benefits, such as reduced knee pain and improved walking capability. Continuous support and guidance from physiotherapists contributed to high levels of adherence, contributing to maintaining activity levels. While LWI offered a promising option in KOA rehabilitation, its full potential remained unexplored. Factors like the current SA KOA clinical protocol, infrastructure difficulties, therapist expertise and LWI availability needed consideration. In the Saudi context, a follow-up trial was essential after this initial intervention to assess the programme's long-term viability and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, Although the physiotherapists' satisfaction survey indicated that the LWI programme was debatable, the physiotherapy educators needed to integrate knowledge about assistive gait modification (LWI) into their academic and clinical programmes to enhance evidence-based practice.7 0