SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted Understanding the Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices in Autism Early Intervention Settings within the Context of Saudi Arabia(University of Warwick, 2024) Alatifi, Nouf; Richard, Hastings; Kylie, GrayWhile evidence-based practices (EBPs) are recognised as effective for autistic children in early intervention, significant challenges persist in their implementation. This is particularly relevant in the Saudi Arabian context, where the topic of EBPs targeting autistic children in early intervention settings remains conspicuously understudied. This PhD research aims to understand the implementation of EBPs in autism early intervention settings in Saudi Arabia, utilising both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies across six chapters. The PhD thesis begins with an introduction to autism and EBPs, reviews existing studies on autism interventions in Saudi Arabia, and outlines the research objectives and structure. Chapter 3 presents the findings from a survey of 173 early intervention professionals who work directly with autistic children under six years old across various public and private settings in all regions of Saudi Arabia. This survey examines their knowledge, attitudes, and reported use of EBPs, identifying factors that influence their selection of interventions. Chapter 4 explores the barriers and facilitators to using EBPs with autistic children through semi-structured interviews. Chapter 5 introduces an intervention aimed at improving the use of a specific EBP, the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), through Special Education Implementation Training (SEIT). A mixed-methods approach, including a checklist and interviews, was used to evaluate changes in PECS usage and identify challenges in implementing SEIT’s suggestions. Chapter 6 synthesises the findings, discussing their implications and suggesting directions for future research. The PhD research highlights that while EBPs are used, some remain unused, with individual, organisational, and systemic challenges such as knowledge gaps, attitudes towards EBPs, inadequate EBP training, insufficient resources, and a lack of an autism-supportive curriculum impacting their implementation. These insights are crucial for understanding the use of EBPs in autism early intervention settings in Saudi Arabia.10 0Item Restricted Knowledge, attitude and practice of health and safety guidelines among laboratory staff in Saudi Arabia(Newcastle University, 2024-11) Aldhamy, Haifa Omar; McCune, Victoria; Pearce, Mark S; Maniatopoulos, GregoryBackground Medical laboratories are required to follow health and safety regulations to minimise occupational risks to laboratory staff. Without knowledge of and adherence to appropriate controls and procedures, laboratory acquired infection (LAIs) can result in morbidity and mortality to staff. The prevention and reduction of LAIs is a key priority for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) healthcare system as part of its infection prevention and control (IPC)/biosafety programme. This mixed-methods study aimed to explore the implementation of the IPC/biosafety programme from the laboratory staff viewpoint and to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of recommended polices and procedures. Methods A mixed-methods study design, combining quantitative (survey) and qualitative (semistructured interviews) methods was employed. The study was conducted in three hospitals (two public, and one private in KSA. Participants included laboratory staff, allied health professionals and infection control specialists. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Qualitative data were analysed using the Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) framework. Results King Abdulaziz Medical City participants had the highest mean knowledge scores (9.81). Hayat National Hospital participants had the highest median attitude scores (53.5). Participants who received training had the highest median practice scores (52.0). There was a positive correlation between the knowledge and practice scores (r= 0.32, p= 0.003). Several themes regarding the implementation of safety guidelines were identified using NPTs four constructs, such as; awareness and risk perception of LAIs; valuing the benefits of guidelines; compliance with implementing guidelines; assessment and monitoring of guidelines implementation and facilitators of guidelines implementation. Conclusion Although the majority of participants had high scores on knowledge, attitude and practice, there were some differences between hospitals, confirming the need for standardisation among hospitals and continuous education and training. Staff were also aware of the risk of LAIs, and value of implementing guidelines to minimise occupational risk. However, factors such as lack of organisational support and lack of resources affected the implementation process. The need for a comprehensive action plan from the Ministry of Health and the General Directorate for Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare Facilities to facilitate the implementation of the IPC program was regarded as critical to the uptake of safety guidelines.26 0Item Restricted A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) of an educational intervention to promote asthma prescription uptake in General Practitioner Practices(University of Sheffield, 2024-04-23) Alyami, Rami; Julious, Steven A.; Simpson, Rebecca M.; Oliver, PhillipBackground: Asthma exacerbation rates in school-age children peak following the return to school after the summer break. Studies have shown a decline in prescriptions collection during August, which is followed by an increase in unscheduled visits to healthcare providers. A previous study (the PLEASANT trial) found that sending reminder letters to parents of children with asthma during the summer vacation led to a 30% increase in August prescriptions being prescribed and reduced unscheduled care visits after the return to schools in the period September to December. The intervention also resulted in an estimated cost saving of £36.07 per patient per year. Objective: To determine if informing general practitioner (GP) practices about the PLEASANT trial intervention results leads to its implementation. Design: A pragmatic cluster randomised trial which utilised the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) to send the intervention and collect data. Participants: A total of 1,326 GP practices in England, including 90,583 individuals, with 664 practices (44,708 individuals) in the intervention group and 662 practices (45,875 individuals) in the control group. Intervention: In June 2021, the intervention practices received a letter from CPRD about the PLEASANT study findings and recommendations. The letter was sent to the asthma lead and/or practice manager via postal mail and email. Control Arm: Usual care. Randomisation: GP practices were stratified by practice size (decile) and randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. Main Outcome: The proportion of children with asthma who had a prescription for an asthma preventer medication in August and September 2021. Results: The intervention did not significantly affect the proportion of children with asthma who had a prescription in August and September 2021 compared to the control arm. In the intervention group, 15,716 out of 44,465 children (35.3%) had a prescription issued, compared to 16,001 out of 45,559 children (35.1%) in the control group (OR 1.01; 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.04). There was also no intervention effect on the number of prescriptions uptake in the same period (IRR 1.01; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.03). Furthermore, the letter did not reduce the number of unscheduled medical contacts after returning to school from September to December 2021 (IRR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.02) and all medical contacts remained unchanged (IRR 1.00; 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.02). Conclusion: The study findings suggest that passive intervention of providing a letter to GPs did not achieve the intended outcomes. To bridge the gap between evidence and practice, alternative, more proactive strategies could be explored to address the identified issues.10 0Item Restricted Assessment of Clinical Competence: Implementation of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Saudi Medical Schools(University of Leeds, 2023-02-08) Almisnid, Khaled; Homer, MatthewAssessment of clinical skills is essential in determining the competency of health professionals. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a performance assessment tool that is widely adopted for this purpose. Despite its widespread use in Saudi medical schools, the implementation and impact of the OSCE in Saudi Arabia (SA) have not been widely investigated. The aim of this research is to provide an in-depth understanding of OSCE usage in Saudi medical schools, the opportunities and challenges offered by its adoption, and to develop recommendations to improve implementation. Using a qualitative constructivist philosophy, this research employs a case study design in two different Saudi medical schools, integrating document review with interviews and focus groups with medical school leaders and their Faculty. Reflexive thematic analysis and codebook methods were applied to interviews/focus groups and documents, respectively. The analysis generated a series of key themes that impacted the OSCE implementation in Saudi medical schools. These themes constitute a conceptual framework that requires careful consideration in order for them to function harmoniously to produce a high-quality OSCE. This research also highlights that each stage of OSCE implementation in the investigated medical schools involves a series of dilemmas and compromises. Analysis suggests that funding sources (public or private schools), accreditation status, faculty experience, and resource availability all influence the quality of OSCE implementation. The research findings are consistent with the international OSCE literature; however, this work brings new insights into the use of the OSCE in SA, a non-western culture, and sheds light on the integrative nature of the factors that contribute to successful implementation. It concludes with a series of recommendations that individual medical schools and organisational networks can employ to improve the OSCE in SA, and beyond.39 0Item Restricted An investigation of AI in talent management in luxury hospitality in the UK (United Kingdom)(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-09-29) Alshalah, Zahra; Marinakou, EvangeliaAn investigation has been conducted into the implementation of artificial intelligence in the luxury hospitality sector of the United Kingdom. Digitalization is influencing the business operations of the hospitality sector from a variety of perspectives, including talent management. Managing talent is critical to the success of business operations in the luxury tourism sector, since it is a fundamental component of providing a better level of service to customers. There is no doubt that the hospitality industry is one of the largest in the United Kingdom. Hoteliers have been assisted greatly by artificial intelligence in managing their talent in recent years. Yet most human resources managers in luxury hotels in the United Kingdom are unaware of the existence of this technology, which is the reason for their slow growth. The purpose of this specified dissertation paper is to provide an in-depth analysis and discussion regarding the various challenges that various HR managers are undergoing while implementing AI technology within the hospitality industry in the UK. As well as the variety of approaches through which these challenges can be mitigated, this article discusses various ways through which all of these challenges can be mitigated. Artificial intelligence has been found to be able to facilitate the recruitment process. By doing so, Human Resources professionals have been able to reduce their workload. Additionally, it is used to train employees, make cognitive decisions, and select resumes for employment.131 0