SACM - United Kingdom
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9667
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Item Restricted Cultural Echoes in Stone & Concrete: A Journey Through Time and Architecture in Historic Jeddah’s Al-Balad(University of Westminster, 2024-01-10) Siraj, Talah Wabil; Bremner, LindsayLocated in the western region of the Arabian Peninsula on the Eastern coast of the Red Sea, my hometown, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, has been a significant part in connecting extensive trading networks for centuries. Serving as the gateway to the holy cities of Mecca and Madinah, it is a harbour for Muslim pilgrims from around the world. Over time, it became a melting pot of different cultures and ethnicities, which shaped every aspect of the local lifestyle. Jeddah’s geographic location also unquestionably influenced its architecture in several ways; climatically, religiously, and culturally. The town’s architectural designs, building materials, traditions, and lifestyle were all in response to its context. The beautiful traditional houses were constructed using old building methods, with a combination of local and imported materials. The buildings functioned adequately to suit and serve the local lifestyle before the unification of the kingdom, and the discovery of oil, electricity, and concrete. Those pivotal historical events that took place in the 1930s marked the beginning of a transformative phase for Jeddah. The traditional construction methods and lifestyle were left in the past as Jeddah went through a stage of modern development. New buildings lacked cultural identity as a result of modernism and carbon energy. This dissertation is an autoethnographic study of the history of Jeddah’s old town of Al-Balad from both a technical and lifestyle perspective. Leveraging personal connections to the subject, I was able to visit the old town and acquire authentic information and material from primary sources, which helped me picture and analyse life in Al-Balad more vividly. This paper carries out an in-depth exploration of Jeddah’s history while examining the link between architecture and lifestyle in response to its diverse context, and the reasons why the traditional way of living was abandoned.19 0Item Restricted Cultural Echoes in Stone & Concrete(University of Westminster, 2024-01-10) Siraj, Talah Wabil; Bremner, LindsayLocated in the western region of the Arabian Peninsula on the Eastern coast of the Red Sea, my hometown, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, has been a significant part in connecting extensive trading networks for centuries. Serving as the gateway to the holy cities of Mecca and Madinah, it is a harbour for Muslim pilgrims from around the world. Over time, it became a melting pot of different cultures and ethnicities, which shaped every aspect of the local lifestyle. Jeddah’s geographic location also unquestionably influenced its architecture in several ways; climatically, religiously, and culturally. The town’s architectural designs, building materials, traditions, and lifestyle were all in response to its context. The beautiful traditional houses were constructed using old building methods, with a combination of local and imported materials. The buildings functioned adequately to suit and serve the local lifestyle before the unification of the kingdom, and the discovery of oil, electricity, and concrete. Those pivotal historical events that took place in the 1930s marked the beginning of a transformative phase for Jeddah. The traditional construction methods and lifestyle were left in the past as Jeddah went through a stage of modern development. New buildings lacked cultural identity as a result of modernism and carbon energy. This dissertation is an autoethnographic study of the history of Jeddah’s old town of Al-Balad from both a technical and lifestyle perspective. Leveraging personal connections to the subject, I was able to visit the old town and acquire authentic information and material from primary sources, which helped me picture and analyse life in Al-Balad more vividly. This paper carries out an in-depth exploration of Jeddah’s history while examining the link between architecture and lifestyle in response to its diverse context, and the reasons why the traditional way of living was abandoned.9 0Item Restricted Cultural Echoes in Stone & Concrete: A Journey Through Time and Architecture in Historic Jeddah’s Al-Balad(University of Westminster, 2024-01-10) Siraj, Talah Wabil; Bremner, LindsayLocated in the western region of the Arabian Peninsula on the Eastern coast of the Red Sea, my hometown, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, has been a significant part in connecting extensive trading networks for centuries. Serving as the gateway to the holy cities of Mecca and Madinah, it is a harbour for Muslim pilgrims from around the world. Over time, it became a melting pot of different cultures and ethnicities, which shaped every aspect of the local lifestyle. Jeddah’s geographic location also unquestionably influenced its architecture in several ways; climatically, religiously, and culturally. The town’s architectural designs, building materials, traditions, and lifestyle were all in response to its context. The beautiful traditional houses were constructed using old building methods, with a combination of local and imported materials. The buildings functioned adequately to suit and serve the local lifestyle before the unification of the kingdom, and the discovery of oil, electricity, and concrete. Those pivotal historical events that took place in the 1930s marked the beginning of a transformative phase for Jeddah. The traditional construction methods and lifestyle were left in the past as Jeddah went through a stage of modern development. New buildings lacked cultural identity as a result of modernism and carbon energy. This dissertation is an autoethnographic study of the history of Jeddah’s old town of Al-Balad from both a technical and lifestyle perspective. Leveraging personal connections to the subject, I was able to visit the old town and acquire authentic information and material from primary sources, which helped me picture and analyse life in Al-Balad more vividly. This paper carries out an in-depth exploration of Jeddah’s history while examining the link between architecture and lifestyle in response to its diverse context, and the reasons why the traditional way of living was abandoned.10 0Item Restricted The Dynamic Nature of Privacy in Jeddah Homes: A Socio-Behavioural Exploration(University of Liverpool, 2024-07-01) Ragaban, Noor Jamil; Jackson, Iain; Alsalloum, AtaaThis thesis investigates the intricacies of privacy dynamics in Saudi homes, specifically within Jeddah, challenging conventional ideas. It explores inhabitants' lived experiences in the presence of visitors, bridging the gap between theoretical assumptions and lived realities in Saudi architectural literature. The study redefines privacy in Saudi homes, advocating for a more fluid understanding that encompasses diverse experiences, significantly contributing to the discourse on Saudi housing and influencing architectural designs and cultural understanding. The research identifies key factors influencing the interplay of cultural norms, individual choices, and spatial adaptations in Jeddah homes. It challenges the universal perception of gender segregation, revealing a spectrum of approaches that defy stereotypes. The complexity of cultural norms concerning privacy is showcased through the intertwining of events, formality, and gender involvement with household categorisations. Interviews unveil the adaptable nature of space, transcending strict zoning and influenced by relationships, occasions, and household preferences. This challenges fixed public/private boundaries. The categorisation of spaces based on users' perceptions reveals dynamic usage and its impact on privacy. The findings underscore the adaptable nature of privacy and its sensitivity to social contexts and interpersonal relationships. By unravelling privacy norms, gender practices, and space usage, this study enriches discussions on cultural diversity in Saudi homes and how it influences home use. It expands the understanding of Saudi households as dynamic, multifaceted environments shaped by various influences. This challenges preconceived notions and contributes to a nuanced comprehension of domestic life in Saudi Arabia.33 0Item Restricted Activating the Transportation Potential of Greenways in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study of Jeddah City(University of Nottingham, 2024-04-08) Zawawi, Abdulrahman A.; Porter, Nicole; Ives, Chrisopher D.; Beccarelli, PaoloSince the early 1970s, auto-centric planning in Saudi Arabia (SA) has led to car-dependent lifestyles, resulting in health and environmental problems. In the past decade, ambitious policies (e.g., The Saudi Vision 2030), urban design manuals, awareness campaigns, city plans and projects have sought to address this problem by transitioning to sustainable urban mobility. Active transportation (AT) via networks of greenways is a dimension of such a transition and is currently being planned and advocated in Saudi cities. However, current walking and bicycling rates for transportation in SA are extremely low. Simultaneously, there is limited research on greenways in SA, and none has explored the influences on their usage as AT corridors (ATCs). An enhanced understanding of such factors is vital because academic journals found minimal effect on AT over the last thirty years from many greenway investments in various regions worldwide. Therefore, this PhD research aimed to explore the activation barriers and strategies of greenways’ function as facilitators for AT in SA, using Jeddah city as a case study. The review and synthesis of existing literature built an understanding of the state of knowledge concerning the planning and usage of AT and greenways in SA. It also explained the events that evolved greenways’ forms and functions internationally while chronologically relating to urban and open space planning in Saudi cities. Lastly, it examined where and when greenways would be considered routes for daily commutes using a systematic review of published peer-reviewed journal articles from 1991 until 2021. Due to the multidimensionality of such influences, the case study of Jeddah used mixed research methods (web-based questionnaire, environmental audits, field observations, and interviews with experts and leaders of local walking and bicycling groups). Interpretations and inferences of such an empirical study combined the results of these methods thematically and linked them to existing literature. Through (I) assessments of the physical environment at the city, neighbourhood, and site levels, (II) examining the preferences, behaviours, and opinions of users and non-users of greenways in Jeddah city, and (III) understanding the underlying causes to existing conditions, this thesis underscored key impediments that must be overcome. These include automobile-centric lifestyles, planning systems, outdoor temperature, social norms, long commuting distances, lack of AT infrastructure, bicycling skills and knowledge, proximity to greenways, and park facilities and amenities. Results also explained that religious and gender norms on women’s participation in bicycling can affect social support for policies advocating bicycle usage in Saudi cities and the effectiveness of any proposed greenway network in the future. Informed by the interviewed experts, existing literature, and global best practices, the proposed strategies to address the identified barriers stressed the importance of actions across social, environmental, technological, economic and legal domains. These strategies (e.g., improving stakeholders’ participation, integrating with public transit, increasing visibility and awareness, and implementing policies that enable AT) can accelerate the transition towards sustainable transportation in SA.24 0Item Restricted Developing Smart Cities in Saudi Arabia. promoting innovation and evaluating smart initiatives. The case study of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia.(University of Aberdeen, 2024-06-24) Almaghrbi, Rayan; Philip, Lorna; Beecroft, MarkTo date, the main focus of Smart City development has been in North America and Western Europe. The development of Smart Cities in other geographies has received more limited attention. This study seeks to help address this imbalance by focusing on the development of Smart Cities in the context of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, with a focus on Saudi Arabia and the city of Jeddah in particular. By focusing upon a single city case study, the research explores how related Smart City technologies are being used, seeks to understand the implications these have for planning policies and municipal activities, and elicits information from the public about their views of Smart City developments. The study aims to contribute to the emerging literature on Smart City development, paying particular attention to the currently understudied area of how such approaches will be impacted by and have impacts upon current and emerging policy drivers in Saudi Arabia, such as Saudi Vision 2030. Primary data collection was undertaken in two distinct phases. Firstly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a range of national and municipal-level stakeholders representing public and private sector interests. Secondly, a questionnaire survey, administered online, elicited attitudes and opinions about Smart Cities and their development in Saudi Arabia from a sample of the city of Jeddah’s resident population. The study revealed that Jeddah's smart practices show a real commitment to Smart Cities concept. Significant attention has been given to smart initiatives in relation to governance, environment, living, and economy, but smart mobility and community participation require more work. The study concluded with a list of recommendations designed to provide guidance for Jeddah's promotion towards becoming a Smart City. These recommendations can be extended to other Saudi and GCC cities.19 0Item Restricted THE IMPACT OF PREFORMANCE APPRISAL ON EMPLOYEES’ COMMITMENT AND MOTIVATION AT TOURISM HOTELS IN JEDDAH(Oxford Brookes University, 2024-03-12) Aloqab, Ameera; Yan, GordonIn the context of Jeddah's tourist hotels, this study investigates how performance reviews affect workers' dedication and enthusiasm. Examining the interplay between performance review, employee dedication, and intrinsic motivation in this sector is the study's primary objective. The research lays forth many important goals to accomplish this purpose. The primary goal of the research is to have a better understanding of performance evaluation and its effects on workers. This requires an in-depth investigation of performance evaluation's theoretical foundations and practical consequences within the specific context of Jeddah's tourist hotels. There is a main research component to the study that involves interviewing employees to get their first-hand accounts and empirical evidence. The research aims to capture the positive and negative effects of performance assessment on employee motivation and commitment through these interviews. Furthermore, using a qualitative method with the adoption of primary research method allows for a more in-depth exploration of the personal perspectives and encounters of those employed by tourism establishments by way of conducting interviews among targeted participants. The analysis of the collected data follows the data collecting step of the study. The purpose of this part is to assess the results by comparing them to previous studies and noting any discrepancies or overlaps. By contextualising the study's findings within the larger corpus of literature on performance evaluation, motivation, and commitment, this comparative analysis strengthens the study's validity. Consequently, in order to draw significant conclusions, the research combines its results. Further research is needed to fill in the gaps and reduce the detrimental effect of performance assessment on staff motivation and commitment at Jeddah's tourist hotels, according to the study's suggestions. This research adds to the continuing discussion about how to optimise performance evaluation procedures in the specific setting of the hotel and tourist industry by using a comprehensive approach that integrates academic knowledge with witness accounts.15 0Item Restricted Monitoring pollution levels and strategies for improving wastewater treatment: The case of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-05) Bawazeer, Maryam; Woodward, JamieJeddah, Saudi Arabia, like many global cities, faces escalating challenges related to wastewater management. Although several research papers have been published about assessing wastewater treatment in Saudi Arabia, there is still a lack of evidence about current wastewater treatment plants’ effectiveness at minimising pollutants. This study investigated the efficacy of Jeddah’s wastewater treatment processes by analysing two critical indicators of organic pollution: chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The study assessed the correlation between inlet and outlet values of both pollutants, aiming to understand the effectiveness of current wastewater treatments. Surprisingly, regression models revealed that inlet values were weak predictors for their respective outlet values. This study concluded that the results highlighted Jeddah’s proactive wastewater management, demonstrated through significant planning, investment and adaptive measures. Notably, commendable reductions in BOD and COD emphasised the city’s effective wastewater treatment. However, challenges such as susceptibility to extreme weather events and industrial expansion were identified. Based on these findings, recommendations include investing in adaptive infrastructure designs, establishing continuous monitoring systems and actively engaging with technology innovators to further enhance wastewater treatment processes.41 0Item Restricted Investigation Of The Ventilation And Thermal Performance Of Mashrabiya For Residential Buildings In The Hot-Humid Climate Of Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-06) Bagasi, Abdullah Abdulhameed; Calautit, JohnThe residential sector in Saudi Arabia is the most energy-consuming building sector, accounting for about 50% of the total energy generated. A large proportion of this energy is used to maintain the indoor air temperature at the required comfort level. While the lack of optimal use of natural resources in buildings, such as natural ventilation also contributes to the rising consumption. Traditionally, Saudi buildings were characterised by different architectural solutions and elements such as the mashrabiya, which was closely related to the local environment and responded to many factors, such as climatic conditions and occupants needs. Mashrabiya is an opening covered with a wooden lattice for ventilation, daylight, privacy, and an aesthetic appeal for houses. Although there are many studies and research on the mashrabiya, most studies addressed either the ventilation or daylight aspect and few included evaporative cooling without conducting field tests or validated modelling to investigate its actual performance and the extent of its impact on the internal thermal environment. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effect of the mashrabiya on the indoor thermal environment and develop a mashrabiya design to enhance indoor thermal comfort in the residential buildings in hot climates with reference to Jeddah, Saudi Arabiya. The research, besides the literature review, includes field experiments and simulation works. The field experiment results indicated that opening the mashrabiya allowed more airflow into the room and reduced the indoor temperature by up to 2.4 °C compared to the closed mashrabiya. Furthermore, by integrating evaporative cooling strategies (pots, water sprays, and wet cloth) with the open mashrabiya, it was found that the most effective approach to improving the room air temperature was hanging a wet cloth and the average room temperature reduced by up to 6.8°C. Along with that, the thermal mass played a significant role in reducing indoor air temperatures' thermal swings. In order to expand its scope in the study and examination of the mashrabiya, a computational fluid dynamic simulation tool was used. The results of the base case of the mashrabiya in the simulation generally indicated that the slats' inclination plays a vital role in the direction of the airflow into the room, and this is evident with tilting the slats angle to +30 or -30, as the airflow becomes more directed and sharper to the ceiling or the floor. Also, compared to the benchmark case, the mashrabiya contributed to29 0