Postgraduate Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted CLINICO PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON JOHNE’S DIESEASE IN CAMELS IN QASSIM REGION(Saudi Digital Library, 2012) Alrshoodi, Ibrahim Hamad; Aboalhassan, Diea Gamaleldin; AlDubaib, Musaad AhmadA total of 760 one-humped Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) of three different breeds; Majaheem, Maghateer and Shael from 7 separate herds were examined in this study. All the animals aged between 2 and 7 years, naturally grazing in the area of Qassim district, Central Saudi Arabia. They were examined clinically for signs of paratuberculosis and microscopically for presence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in rectal scrapings stained with Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN). Two hundred and fifty camels were categorized into 3 groups: clinically healthy camels (n = 100) were negative for M. avium subsp. Paratuberculosis acid fast bacilli staining using ZN stain, diseased camels (n = 50) were clinically showing signs of paratuberculosis and positive by ZN stain of rectal scraping smear for M. avium subsp. Paratuberculosis acid fast bacilli and in-contact camels (n = 100) were collected as 20 camel from each infected herd. Three clinically diseased ones and two in-contact positive reactor camels were used for pathological examination. The most common clinical signs in diseased camels were chronic intermittent diarrhoea not responsive to treatment, feces was watery homogenous with offensive odour and mucus passed without tenesmus. Also the affected animals showed ventral and intermandibular edema (bottle jaw); thirst, decrease in milk production, loss of coat colour, anemia, emaciation and progressive weight loss. Infected camels became cachectic, lethargic, too weak to rise, and had no fever and continued to demonstrate clinically healthy appetite. Selected blood constituents were investigated in camels showing clinical signs of M. avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (n=50) and in-contact ones and compared to control. There were significant decreases in RBCs count, HB, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC values (P<0.001). The clinically diseased camels group showed high significant decrease in albumin, highly significant increase in globulin and highly significant decrease in albumin / globulin ratio. Among the positive in contact camels group subclinical camels showed significantly moderate decrease in albumin, significantly moderate increase in globulin and significantly moderate decrease in albumin / globulin ratio (P<0.01) while late subclinical camels showed highly significant decrease in albumin and highly significant increase in globulin and highly significant decrease in albumin / globulin ratio. Post mortem examination of three slaughtered clinically diseased camels revealed that macroscopic lesions of M. paratuberculosis infection were seen primarily in the intestine and it’s draining mesenteric lymph nodes. The intestinal wall was thickened up to three or four times normal thickness, edematous, and the mucosa was corrugated. The lesions were commonly confined to the posterior part of the alimentary tract and its associated lymph nodes. No ulceration or discontinuity of the mucosal surface was seen. Mesenteric lymph nodes were moderately enlarged and oedematous. The serosal lymphatic vessels of the involved parts were dilated and appeared beaded. Post mortem examination of two slaughtered positive contact subclinical camels revealed slight thickening in the intestinal wall and the mesenteric lymph nodes were moderately enlarged. Microscopically, the pathognomonic lesions of paratuberculosis in the clinically diseased camels were infiltration of the lamina propria, Peyer's patches and the cortex of the mesenteric lymph nodes with large epithelioid cells, in both of which clumps or singly disposed acid-fast bacilli were found. Lymph node smears revealed Acid fast bacilli. There is no caseation, calcification, or fibrosis associated with lesions of paratuberculosis. Mild degeneration of renal tubular epithelium of kidney and fatty degeneration of liver were detected. The lesions in positive contact camels were infiltration of epithelioid macrophages amid large number of lymphocytes in the paracortical regions of the mesenteric lymph nodes. Also acid fast bacilli were demonstrated in macrophages in intestinal sections.13 0