Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted دور الرشاقة التنظيمية فى تحسين الأداء التشغيلى بالقطاع الصحى: دراسة تطبيقية(جامعة حلوان, 2024) العتيبي، ماجد; يسن، مصطفىإن التغيرات التي شهدها العالم في السنوات الأخيرة جوهرية على المستوى العالمي، وظهور عدد من القوى ( الاقتصادية ، التكنولوجية ، السياسية .....الخ) أثرت بشكل كبير على مفهوم ونمط الإدارة، واختلفت الأسباب والمتغيرات لكن من أهمها القوى التكنولوجية الهائلة ، وأصبحت مصدرا للمنافسة الشديدة على الصعيد المحلي والدولي بين المنظمات مما أدى إلى ظهور عدد من المداخل والأنظمة والمفاهيم لمواكبة تلك التغيرات ترصد من خلالها كل ما يحدث في بيئتها بصفة دورية، وتعتبر الرشاقة التنظيمية أسلوب منظم في الإدارة ، فهي تختص بالاستخدام الأمثل الذى يساعد على اتخاذ القرار لضمان استدامة المنظمة وتحسين مركزها التنافسى(Placeholder,2020,p16). لذا تسعى الرشاقة التنظيمية إلى القدرة على المرونة والسرعة التى تمنح المنظمة جمع المعلومات ومعالجتها وتحليلها واستخدامها لاستغلال الفرص المتاحة وتجنب المخاطر المحتملة فضلاً على ضرورة الانصات إلى البيئة الخارجية بمتغيراتها لضمان استدامة المنظمات من خلال خطوات عمل مدروسة في جميع القطاعات التي تبحث المنظمات لطريق الكشف عن محيطها(الزيادى، 2021،ص39). إذ يشير الأداء التشغيلى إلى قدرة المنظمة على إرضاء العملاء من حيث التسليم والمرونة والجودة وفعالية التكلفة وغيرها، ويجب أن تكون القدرات التشغيلية موجهة نحو التطوير وتحقيق ميزة تنافسية من خلال التحول الفعال نحو القدرات الإستراتيجية ، وأيضاً يعكس ذلك الأداء قدرة المنظمات على الإنتاج وتقديم منتجات بمستوى من الكفاءة والجودة في تلبية متطلبات السوق في وقت أقصر، وزيادة الحصة السوقية (اسماعيل ومحمد، 2020،ص114). وتركز مدينة القويعية بالسعودية بما فيها من مستشفيات ومراكز صحية على أدائها التشغيلى من بناء قسم الإسعاف والطوارئ وترميم جميع أقسام المستشفى وأدخلت به الأشعة المقطعية والموجات الصوتية وتحليل غاز الدم وجهاز تخطيط القلب وغرفة العناية المركزة وجهاز تنفس صناعي وتطوير مركز قسم العظام، وأصبح لديها الاستعداد التام لاستقبال جميع حالات الحوادث الواقعة على الطريق السريع والمحمولة من المستشفيات الأخرة القريبة. وانطلاقاً مما تقدم فإن هذه الدراسة الحالية تسعى لبحث دور الرشاقة التنظيمية فى تحسين الأداء التشغيلى بالتطبيق على مستشفى القويعية بالسعودية والمراكز التابعة لها.1 0Item Restricted Clinical Utility of Cytokeratin in The Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Hepatitis C Virus Patients(Helwan University, 2024) Alhaddad, Mahdi; El-Kassas, MohamedObjectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and a global health problem. It is often diagnosed at advanced stage where hopeless for effective therapies. Identification of more reliable biomarkers for early detection of HCC is urgently needed. Cytokeratins are a marker of hepatic progenitor cells and act as a key player in tumor invasion. Herein, we sought to develop a novel score based on the combination of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) with routine laboratory tests for accurate detection of HCC. Material & Methods: Serum CK18, CK 19, α-fetoprotein, albumin and platelets count were assayed in HCC patients (75), liver cirrhosis patients (55) and healthy control (20). Areas under receiving operating curve (AUCs) were calculated and used for construction on novel score. A novel score named CK-HCC = CK 19 (%)×0.001+ CK18 (%)×0.004 + AFP (U/L)×5.4 - Platelets count (×109)/L×0.003 – Albumin (g/L)×0.27–36 was developed. CK- HCC score produces AUC of 0.919 for differentiating patients with HCC from those with liver cirrhosis with sensitivity and specificity of a cut-off 1.3 (i.e., less than 1.3 the case is considered cirrhotic, whereas above 1.3 it is considered HCC. Conclusion: CK-HCC score could replace AFP during screening of HCV patients and early detection of HCC.1 0Item Restricted Assessing isothermal technology for detection of antimicrobial pathogens(Saudi Digital Library, 2024) Abdulrahman Khalid, Ayfan; David, WhileyThis thesis aims to provide solutions for antibiotic resistance by developing rapid point-of-care tests for key bacteria and associated resistances that have been flagged by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centre for Disease prevention and Control (CDC). The studies initially focused on detection of New Delhi Metallo (NDM), and Verona Integrated Metallo (VIM) Beta Lactamase genes among carbapenemase-producing organisms Gram negative bacteria. The project then expanded to detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae (by targeting the gonococcal porA pseudogene) and associated resistances to ciprofloxacin (by the detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] within the gonococcal gyrA gene) and ceftriaxone (by targeting the gonococcal penA 60.001 gene). The technology used for detection was iso-thermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and the detection was coupled with a lateral flow detection (LFD) system. Recognising the complexity for SNP detection by RPA (e.g., its ability to accommodate several mismatches in assay targets), this thesis explored several approaches to tackle this, including adding additional artificial mismatches in oligonucleotides, as well as using blocker primer and probe approaches. Assays performances compared well to traditional methods of detection (e.g., polymerase chain reaction; PCR), and time needed to perform/read results was less than thirty minutes compared to ninety minutes using PCR. Unlike PCR, RPA can be performed at a relatively low temperature, and assays can be successfully conducted by holding the reaction tubes in the palm of a hand. In addition to the wet-lab experiments, extensive in-silico sequence-based analyses were conducted to help further accelerate the development of point of care (POC) assays; these included improving our understanding of gonococcal gyrA diversity to inform target selection (using publicly available databases; National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Neisseria gonorrhoeae Sequence Typing for Antimicrobial Resistance (NG-STAR), Pathogen Watch) as well as to identify new potential N. gonorrhoeae diagnostic gene targets (noting that, for example, the gonococcal porA pseudogene can lead to false-negative results for certain N. gonorrhoeae strains). Overall, this thesis provides further potential POC solutions for antibiotic resistance; specifically, the ability to detect gram negative bacteria-harbouring blaNDM and blaVIM genes, and N. gonorrhoeae gyrA and penA 60.001 resistance targets. These advances will provide valuable information to help clinicians and healthcare teams to tailor antibiotic therapy in a timely manner, with limited skills and training needed to perform and read results.7 0Item Restricted Next Generation Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (NGAST)(The University of Queensland, 2018) Abdulrahman Khalid, Ayfan; Zowawi, HosamAntimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a worldwide issue that needs to be tackled. The lack of a rapid tool for the detection of antimicrobial resistance is needed. Recently Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) have revolutionized the routine clinical labs for the bacterial identification with providing rapid, accurate and reliable results within hours in comparison to the conventional methods of detections. Also, MALDI-TOF MS seems to have the potentiality to be used as an antibiotic susceptibility testing tool. In recent times, one of the developed testings to detect AMR by this MS-platform. MALDI is the MALDI Biotyper antibiotic susceptibility test rapid assay (MBT-ASTRA). In this project, The MBT-ASTRA was used for testing bug-drug combination from preliminary studies to validate the robustness of this technique on a MALDI-TOF MS (AB SCIEX). 4 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa (including 2 sensitive strains and 2 resistant strains for each bug) were tested against 64μg/ml of meropenem with an incubation time of one and two hours respectively. Also, Escherichia coli was tested against Ciprofloxacin at a concentration of 32μg/ml with two hours of an incubation. Secondly, the project also involved in optimizing four new bug-drug combinations which included E. coli against colistin and gentamicin and P. aeruginosa against gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. The results from the testing showed a clear discrimination between the different strains. As well as a significant discrimination for E. coli against gentamicin within one hour of an incubation time at a concentration of 64μg/ml. This study demonstrates the ability of the MBT-ASTRA in the rapid detection of AMR.6 0Item Restricted EFFECT OF INFRARED EMITTING GARMENTS ON RECOVERY FOLLOWING MUSCLE-DAMAGING EXERCISE(Loughborough University, 2024-09) Hafez, Hesham; Ferguson, RichardPurpose: This study aimed to investigate whether prolonged application of far-infrared emitting ceramic (cFIR) garments would enhance recovery of muscle function and alleviate markers of muscle damage following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in a physically active, non- elite population. Methods: Nine participants were randomly assigned to either a cFIR or control sham (SHAM) garment condition following a muscle-damaging protocol consisting of 100 drop jumps. Participants wore the garments for 72h post-exercise. Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of knee-extensions, countermovement jump height (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), sprint performance, perceived muscle soreness (PMS), pain pressure threshold (PPT), and total leukocyte count were measured at baseline, 1h, 24h, 48h, and 72h post-exercise. Results: MVC recovered to baseline levels in the cFIR group at 72h (5.4±6.9%; P=1.000; ES=0.79), significantly faster compared to the SHAM group, which did not recover to baseline (-20.9±7.1%; P=0.005; ES=3.78), this was different between groups (P=0.005; ES=3.78). However, there were no significant differences between groups in CMJ, RSI, sprint performance, PMS, PPT, or total leukocyte count at any time point. Conclusions: Prolonged application of cFIR garments (approximately 16h daily for 3 days) significantly enhanced the recovery of force-generating capacity (MVC) following EIMD compared to a SHAM condition. However, the cFIR garments did not significantly impact other performance measures or markers of muscle soreness and inflammation. These findings suggest that cFIR garments may be a practical tool for accelerating muscle recovery in physically active, non-elite individuals, although further research is needed to confirm these effects.6 0Item Restricted Assessing the initial Primary Stability of Dental Implants via various Osteotomy Preparation Techniques: An Ex Vivo Comparative Study Utilizing Two Distinct Non-invasive Methods(University at Buffalo, 2023) Fadhl Almawla, Sawsan; Sebastiano, AndreanaBackground and aim: Stable connection between dental implants and bone is crucial in implant dentistry. Osteotomy preparation methods, such as Conventional drilling (C), Piezoelectric Bone Surgery (P), and Osseodensification (Densah bur) (D), play a major role in this process. The primary stability of implants, which influences prognosis and loading protocols, is affected by several factors, including cortical bone thickness. . Two innovative noninvasive devices like Periotest® (Siemens AG, Bensheim, Germany) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) (Osstell Mentor) (Integration Diagnostics AB, Göteborg, Sweden) have been introduced to measure implant primary stability. The aim of this study is to assess and compare the primary stability of dental implants inserted through (C), (P), and (D), utilizing Resonance Frequency Analysis and Periotest, and to explore the effect of cortical bone thickness on the primary stability. Methods: Ten porcine ribs were utilized, with three osteotomies per rib employing (C), (P), and (D) techniques. Each technique involved ten implant preparation sites for 4.1 x 10 mm implants. Primary stability was assessed using Periotest and RFA. Bone thickness was measured using a calibrated dental ruler after bone sectioning at osteotomy sites. Statistical analysis involved one-way repeated measures ANOVA and multiple comparison tests, with significance set at p < 0.05 for the first objective. The second objective utilized the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) test. v Results: The mean ISQ for RFA was reported as 69.85, 68.25, and 73.05 for (C), (P), and (D), respectively. The PTV (Periotest Value) was recorded as -5.2300, -3.2250, and -3.5000 for (C), (P), and (D), respectively. The (D) technique exhibited a higher mean RFA score compared to (C) and (P) techniques, while Periotest scores were lower for (C) than (P) and (O). Interestingly, there was no consistent ranking between the RFA and Periotest results. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between cortical bone thickness and either RFA or Periotest scores. Conclusions: While statistically significant differences were observed, all three techniques demonstrated results falling within the range of good clinical primary stability. The study suggests that there is no significant clinical distinction between (RFA) and Periotest. Additionally, cortical bone thickness did not show a significant correlation with either RFA or Periotest results.9 0Item Restricted The Effect of Virtual Teams’ Communication in Building Construction(Queensland University of Technology, 2024-10-25) Aldawsari, Falah; Tim, RoseThe research involves a qualitative comprehensive review based on the subject of online virtual team communication in building construction. The importance of strong contact in promoting collaboration was highlighted. Its significance helps build credibility and, in many cases, improves project outcomes. Because of this, a wide range of skills is readily available and easy to work with. The study clearly highlights that the teams also face unique obstacles. A lack of familiarity with other cultures is one issue. There is also the issue of not knowing how to use some technologies. Tackling these challenges is of the utmost importance. Improved methods of interaction may be achieved with this. There is an immediate need to offer extensive training programs for members (among other critical concerns highlighted by the research). They need to hone their interpersonal and technical skills simultaneously in this program. It is crucial to set explicit communication procedures. This will help to improve team relations and reduce the likelihood of misunderstandings. Additionally, the study adds to the field of project management. It sheds light on how crucial trust and psychological safety are in online settings. The results provide useful information for practitioners who want to enhance their management of VPTs. It does so by highlighting the significance of openness and frequent interaction. This study lays the groundwork for future research on virtual communication hurdles and how to overcome them6 0Item Restricted The use and evaluation of integrated diagnostics in haematological malignancy(Manchester, 2020-09-30) Altowairqi, Ahlam; Byers, RichardBackground: Haematologic malignancies are one of the most challenging diagnostic fields. Many discrepancies have been reported in diagnoses of this disease over the last few years that affect patient outcomes. Such discrepancies have promoted the introduction of guidelines and classifications to improve identification and predict an optimal therapy approach. The Specialist Integrated Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Services (SIHMDS), which was introduced in the UK as a special service for haematologic malignancies, to provide a second review, promote multiple techniques for proper diagnosis and prognosis and to choose the best treatment approach. Objectives: This study aims to identify the effectiveness of diagnosing lymphoma using SIHMDS in Manchester by comparing this service to local in MRI and other hospitals diagnoses. Also, it aims to identify the role of interpretation and diagnostic techniques in accurate lymphoma diagnosis. Methods: A total of 2,014 cases were collected from January 2019 to December 2019 from HODS system in SIHMDS. Among these, 295 cases were lymphoma cases and their details were taken from an integrated report. The primary diagnoses of these cases were taken to compare and identify discrepancies. Results: From 295 cases, the discrepancy was 10% in the total cases diagnosed, while the discrepancy rate was lower in MRI (7.4%), and higher in other hospitals by (29%). The role and need of the second review and multiple techniques were confirmed to improve the diagnoses in the special service. Also, needle core biopsy was shown to be useful in lymphoma diagnosis. Conclusion: Introducing special diagnostic service in haematologic malignancies is crucial due to the great benefits of second review and multiple advance techniques. New advances in this field will further improve the diagnosis sensitivity and further enhance patient outcomes.5 0Item Restricted Implementation and evaluation of a simulation-based educational intervention with first year nursing students in Saudia Arabia: Mixed methods research.(Monash university, 2024) Almutairi, Ashwaq Amer; Jones, Tamsin; Recoche, Katrina; Brand, GabriellaBackground: Saudi Arabia needs a more culturally sensitive healthcare workforce to meet the needs of an increasingly multicultural population. While cultural competency training exists, fostering empathy for different cultures remains under-addressed in Saudi nursing education. Simulation-based education is a new approach in this context but limited to basic nursing skills training. Objective: This mixed-methods study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a cultural empathy simulation activity for first year Saudi nursing students. Student empathy development and satisfaction with the activity were assessed. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data on empathy were collected using the Comprehensive State Empathy Scale (CSES), while student satisfaction was measured using the Satisfaction with Cultural Simulation Experience Scale (SCSES). Qualitative data on experiences and perceptions were gathered through student focus groups and academic interviews. Findings: The quantitative analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in the mean scores of the Comprehensive State Empathy Scale (CSES) following the cultural empathy simulation activity. Specifically, students demonstrated a notable improvement in their ability to understand and share the feelings of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds (p<0.05). The Satisfaction with Cultural Simulation Experience Scale (SCSES) showed that students were very satisfied, with average scores always above 4.0 on a 7-point scale, indicating they felt the simulation was effective in helping them understand different cultures. Qualitative data from focus groups and academic interviews corroborated these findings. Students reported enhanced awareness of cultural differences, improved communication skills when interacting with culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) patients, and a greater sense of confidence in providing culturally sensitive care. They highlighted the value of the simulation in fostering perspective-taking, particularly in understanding the emotional and social challenges faced by patients from different cultural backgrounds. Academic interviews emphasised the simulation's role in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application by allowing students to actively engage with cultural concepts in a safe and supportive environment. The integration of real-life scenarios and debriefing sessions was perceived as crucial in facilitating deep learning and reflection on cultural biases. Conclusion: This study suggests that cultural empathy simulation activities can significantly improve the teaching of cultural empathy to Saudi nursing students. These activities foster empathy, preparing culturally competent nurses to address the diverse needs of the Saudi healthcare system.13 0Item Restricted Examining the holistic experience of virtual gift-giving in social network games(The University of Newcastle, 2024) Akhawwari, Abdullah Mohammed; Ameet, Pandit; Tom, ChenThis study examines the dynamics of gift-giving within Social Network Games (SNGs)and aims to balance the research narrative by integrating the perspectives of both gift-givers and receivers. The study will apply social capital and social exchange theories to analyse how these forms of social capital affect users’ intentions to gift and their willingness to reciprocate within the digital milieu of SNGs. Furthermore, it will scrutinise the moderating effects of symbolic representation, affective commitment, and privacy concerns on these social exchanges, focusing on bonding and bridging social capital. The research also considers the impact of gratitude and indebtedness on gift intentions and the willingness to reciprocate, as well as evaluating psychological well-being as a consequential outcome. By amalgamating the viewpoints of all participants in the gift exchange process, this research endeavours to offer a comprehensive understanding of the social constructs that govern digital gift-giving practices, thus contributing to the broader discourse on virtual communities, interactive social behaviours, and individual well-being. This study took a quantitative approach, using a survey and an online research panel to collect data. The research design used the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM), which was chosen as the most suitable method for testing gift-giving relationships due to its high statistical power and capabilities for modelling reflective measurement constructs. The key findings suggest that relationship support and gifting norms significantly enhance bonding and bridging social capital. Helping behaviour also positively impacts both types of social capital. Bonding social capital negatively affects willingness to reciprocate and gifting intention, while bridging social capital positively influences both. Mediation analysis shows that bridging social capital partially mediates the effects of relationship support and gifting norms on willingness to reciprocate and gifting intention. Affective commitment significantly moderates the link between relationship support and gifting behaviours and between gifting norms and intention. The study leads to several important implications for the developers and marketers of SNG, one of which is the emphasis on product features that add to increased social capital and social exchange. Gifting and direct features enhance the perception of worth in giving, which results in higher engagement. Given this, this study provides theoretical development and practical implications on how to make user experiences better and boost platform success in general. Together with this, the results add to a more extensive discussion on virtual communities and interactive social behaviours.5 0