Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Integrating Vernacular Architecture Attributes into Contemporary Residential Design Utilising BIM and Digital Technologies: Comprehensive Synthesis and Evaluation(University of Liverpool, 2024) Battoyor, Mashal; Haidar, AdonisRecently, there has been a threat of losing traditions and architectural cultural identity, including the potential loss of vernacular architecture due to several aspects, one of which is the globalisation of the construction industry. Also, there is an escalated concern regarding the detrimental environmental impact of the built environment, and sustainability practice has been heavily recommended. However, these sustainability and cultural challenges can be mitigated by preserving and integrating the accumulated knowledge of vernacular architecture into contemporary practice. Thus, this research comprehensively evaluates and synthesises literature and practical applications of integrating vernacular architecture attributes into contemporary residential design using BIM and digital technologies. It aims to establish a comprehensive framework for this integration to assist practitioners in enhancing sustainability and cultural relevance. To achieve this aim, two stages of the literature review are conducted: initial and systematic. The initial literature review establishes a critical understanding of the main concepts related to the research area. Then, the systematic literature review that follows the PRISMA 2020 guidelines is conducted to investigate and assess the current practice of BIM and digital technologies in residential vernacular architecture. The research used a mixed-methods approach involving qualitative and quantitative data to synthesise descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The result shows that BIM and digital technologies can significantly aid in integrating vernacular architecture attributes into contemporary residential design practice, mitigating sustainability and cultural relevance challenges. It also provides a comprehensive framework that shows new horizons and triggers future studies.5 0Item Restricted A Digital Record System for Heritage Buildings in Saudi Arabia(Lancaster University, 2024) Albouraee, Walaa; Walker, Stuart; Cureton, PaulIn this research, an approach for creating a holistic digital record system that integrates information about the tangible (physical: dimensions, materials) and intangible (cultural: methods, skills, history) aspects of heritage buildings in Saudi Arabia is presented. Many heritage buildings in Saudi Arabia are in poor condition due to negligence and lack of conservation (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2020), and the lack of scientific research focusing on the digital recording of heritage buildings' information exposes them to loss. Research, application, and experiments in digital recording of heritage buildings are needed in Saudi Arabia. So, the purpose of this research is to establish a framework to improve the recording process of heritage buildings' data, conserve and promote Saudi's Islamic, Arab, and National heritage locally and internationally, and support Saudi's Vision 2030 in developing recording and scientific research in the field of national heritage (Vision2030.gov.sa, 2020, pp. 2-54). The aim is to establish a new framework for the intense digitalization of heritage buildings in Saudi Arabia as part of a holistic digital platform for voluntary public records. Such a framework and platform are supported through a pragmatic research approach and the use of mixed research methods considering novel fieldwork techniques: laser scanning and digital photogrammetry in combination with documentary research acquired from governmental and private parties. The framework findings resulted in the most holistic digital record system generated in Saudi Arabia recording intangible and tangible information by utilising several digital recording methods, integrating different recording systems, and saving and disseminating the data digitally in an open-access platform. The delivery of this system and the resulting published information highlights the essential research needed regarding technology practical application and system accuracy between Historic Building Information Modelling Systems (HBIMs) and Geographic Information systems (GISs) and developing training skills strategies in using technical tools, data accessibility, acquisition, and processing, and stakeholder interactions with platforms for digital documentation and dissemination, and future management and decision-making.50 0Item Restricted Adoption of Building Information Modelling for Assessing the Life Cycle Cost of Sustainable Buildings: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia(University of Birmingham, 2024-05-14) Alasmari, Esam; Baniotopoulos, Charalampos; Pedro, Martinez-VazquezThis doctoral research has investigated the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) on the life cycle cost (LCC) and sustainability of construction in the context of Saudi Arabia. Addressing a significant deficit in region-specific studies, it conducted a comprehensive review of extant BIM-related research in the Saudi construction industry. Utilising a mixed-methods approach, the study integrated extensive literature reviews, empirical research, and advanced BIM tools to achieve its objectives. The primary goal was to survey the current research landscape, revealing a profound scarcity of studies specifically focused on the challenges and opportunities of BIM in Saudi Arabia. Subsequent goals included identifying enablers and constraints to BIM technology adoption, quantifying the extent of BIM utilisation, analysing its application during the design phase, assessing impacts on building life cycle costs and sustainability, exploring contractual practices and construction technologies in the Saudi market, and developing a strategic framework for BIM application in government projects. The study aims to systematically review existing literature on BIM implementation within Saudi Arabia, identify key enablers and constraints affecting BIM adoption, quantify the current extent of BIM usage in the industry, explore its impact on building life cycle costs and sustainability, comprehend the integration of contracts and building technologies within the Saudi Arabian construction sector, and propose a strategic framework for BIM application in government projects. Findings revealed that despite the global insights provided by extant literature, there is a pressing need for more localised research tailored to Saudi Arabia’s unique socio-economic and regulatory contexts. The use of sophisticated BIM tools such as Autodesk® Revit 2023, Autodesk® Insight, and Autodesk® Green Building Studio markedly improved the study’s precision and efficiency, underscoring the critical role of BIM in enhancing construction practices for better sustainability and cost-efficiency. The application of One Click LCA demonstrated the advantages of integrating circular design principles. A significant discovery was the potential for substantial cost savings and environmental benefits through optimised design and lifecycle analysis. For instance, Scenario 4, developed through an interactive optimisation process, demonstrated a 39.53% reduction in life cycle costs over 30 years compared to Scenario 1, translating to potential savings of approximately $25 million for a project of 900 residential units. Additionally, design adjustments in Scenario 4 led to a 48.8% reduction in CO2e emissions, according to the comprehensive LCA, Scenario 4 led to a 48.8% reduction in CO2e emissions, according to the comprehensive LCA, while the social cost of carbon decreased to €9,453. The integration of green BIM tools like Autodesk Insight and Green Building Studio directly supported design decisions promoting energy efficiency and lower life cycle costs with minimal environmental impacts. At the conclusion of Scenario 4, a 21% reduction in Energy Use Intensity was recorded relative to Scenario 1. The deployment of One Click LCA also enhanced the study’s analytical capabilities, enabling the evaluation of circularity metrics such as material recovery potential, advocating for the early adoption of circular economy principles in design. Critically, the results indicate that an integrated BIM approach can significantly influence construction projects in Saudi Arabia. Establishing a BIM standard, educating personnel, raising stakeholder awareness, and developing supportive regulations are crucial for accelerating widespread BIM adoption across the region. The conclusions of this research highlight the importance of context-specific knowledge in developing effective BIM adoption strategies in Saudi Arabia. Future research should investigate regional variations, advanced BIM applications, dynamic simulation models, and strategies related to the circular economy.48 0Item Restricted Impediments To Adopting Building Information Modeling In Saudi Arabian Infrastructure Projects(Texas A&M University, 2023) Alsofiani, Mohammed; Caffey, Stephen; Lewis, Michael; Dooley, Kim; Escamilla, EdelmiroThe present research investigates the impediments that hinder the infrastructure sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) from adopting innovative technological solutions that can enhance communication and collaboration, ultimately minimizing and preventing construction project delays. The focus is particularly on Building Information Modeling (BIM) and its role within KSA infrastructure projects. BIM serves as a pivotal technology in the Industry 4.0 era, facilitating data sharing among stakeholders throughout the lifecycle of built assets. However, the adoption of these technologies in KSA has encountered significant impediments. Thus, the current research aims to investigate the obstacles preventing the adoption of BIM in KSA infrastructure projects and suggests strategic approaches to overcome these hurdles. To accomplish the stated aim, the investigation process employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including a systematic review and stakeholder surveys. Specifically, the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol was utilized, and 149 AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) professionals from both the private and public sectors in KSA, who possess awareness of BIM technologies, participated in the survey. The results indicate that key impediments to adopting BIM include a lack of training and education, unclear business value, absence of adoption initiatives, limited demand from clients, resistance to change, a lack of standardization, and cost considerations. However, participants generally concur that the current communication and collaboration practices in the context of KSA infrastructure projects need improvement. To overcome the identified impediments, the research emphasizes the need for a BIM mandating strategy, which includes developing standards, guidelines, and regulations alongside promoting BIM education and training programs. Raising awareness among stakeholders through workshops and incentive programs is also crucial. This strategy should involve the active participation of governmental bodies and industry organizations with clear roles and responsibilities. By addressing the identified challenges and implementing the recommended strategies, infrastructure projects in KSA can benefit from BIM technologies to enhance the successful and efficient delivery of these projects.55 0Item Restricted Analysing the Feasibility of Employing Cloud Computing Technology in Construction Industry & Providing A Guideline for Successful Implementation Within the Context of Birmingham, UK(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Asiri, Khalid; Ugwude, UcheIt is no secret that the construction sector is considered one of the most important sectors around the world and a fundamental driver of countries' economies. Unfortunately, the sector is suffering globally in general and in the United Kingdom in particular as a result of several factors. One of the most important of these factors is the very significant delay compared to other sectors in adopting and using various advanced technologies and innovations, which many practitioners and experts see as the most important solutions to address many of the current negatives and advance the sector to high and unprecedented levels of efficiency and performance. Cloud computing technology is considered one of those important and indispensable technologies towards the transition to the digital world, as it is considered a major enabler for most modern building technologies. The study intends to prove or disprove the feasibility and importance of cloud computing for the construction industry in the United Kingdom, especially in the city of Birmingham, considering understanding and the analysis of all promoters and obstacles to achieving this, whether internal or from the surrounding external environment. Accordingly, a firm methodology can be proposed through which companies can overcome all difficulties throughout the journey of adopting and utilising cloud computing successfully.12 0Item Restricted Study on Construction Cost Estimation Framework Based on BIM Technology(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-08-15) Alazmi, Mohammad; Ping, LiuBIM, an acronym for Building Information Modelling, is a technology-based strategy that has garnered global recognition for its capacity to transform construction productivity. During the initial stages of construction undertakings, the economic viability and cost analysis wield a substantial influence on project administration and execution. Regrettably, the present cost estimation technique solely takes into account regional information, which results in inaccuracies and the exclusion of other pertinent factors. This thesis introduces a framework for conducting quantitative take-off (QTO) and cost estimation within a BIM environment. The framework includes an approach-based costing tool that addresses cost uncertainty related to the detailed information that defines BIM model element properties. Currently, there are limited available tools that can handle the specifics of QTO and cost estimation using only the BIM platform. Moreover, cost estimators have limited experience in leveraging and managing information within semantic-rich BIM models. The framework aims to manage and quantify unmanaged BIM item parameters as work items to mitigate uncertainties in model-based costing. The approach-based system developed in this thesis helps estimators to perform QTO and cost estimation within a BIM environment. It uses BIM element parameters to drive work elements associated with the parameter host element and captures scope cost not designed into BIM models for the design team. The system comprises four modules, namely Estimating Requirements Defining, Estimating Planning and Structuring, Quantifying and Costing, and Model-Based Historical Costing Data collection. The complete system can generate project cost estimation based on the 3D BIM model. To support this framework, a computational engine has been developed within the current Virtual Design-Build (VDC) model review software. The calculation engine facilitates BIM authoring and BIM data review. A case study was conducted to compare the unit of quantification and cost of the framework to existing methods. The results showed that the model-based system had better costing accuracy than the BIM QTO method and improved speed compared to conventional methods. The framework provides a systematic workflow for performing detailed cost estimation while leveraging the parameters stored in BIM models. Keywords: BIM (building information modeling); construction cost estimation; approach-based construction cost estimation, virtual design build and parameters.45 0Item Restricted Evaluating 4D Multiuser Construction Plan Reviews Using Augmented Reality(The Pennsylvania State University, 2023-08) Alghamdi, Saleh; Messner, JohnConstruction plan review meetings are valuable for stakeholders to discuss construction logistics and sequencing issues. Visualization is essential during these meetings and can significantly influence the outcomes. Construction plans can be visualized in 2D, 3D, or 4D environments where the time dimension is integrated with the 3D model elements. Means of visualization media differ and can take many forms, such as paper-based, screen-based, or immersive technologies. Immersive technologies add another level of interactivity that has yet to be thoroughly investigated in construction research. Collaboration is integral to construction plan review meetings, but limited research has focused on collaborative plan reviews that leverage immersive technologies such as visualization mediums. This research investigates the effects of immersive, multi-user Augmented Reality (AR) to support construction plan review meetings using 4D construction models. The study compares head-mounted AR to traditional screen-based 4D model reviews. A 4D Multiuser AR (4DMAR) application was developed to measure the effectiveness of AR as a review environment. A questionnaire was used to measure the participants’ overall experience and their preferences, along with observational data. Participants found the interaction in both environments easy while also perceiving that AR provided more options for interactivity. Participants also perceived the 4DMAR environment as more suitable for collaboratively reviewing 4D construction plans. Limitations included the limited scope of the 4D model and the selected sample's low experience level with AR and 4D modeling. Future work should consider adding more interactive features within AR applications and identify better methods to support the interoperability between 4D modeling software and AR platforms.9 0Item Restricted The Use Of Building Information Model (BIM) On Public Sector Mega Projects In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia (KSA)(Muhannad Alshehri, 2023-01-20) Alshehri, Muhannad; Anna, DownBuilding Information Modelling (BIM) has been well recognized worldwide as a technology-driven approach that can radically improve construction productivity. There is considerable demand for using BIM in the KSA due to the large scale of its construction industry which needs to improve its productivity. Investigate the use and benefits of BIM in the Architectural Engineering and Construction industry in KSA. Furthermore, the potential barriers and obstacles to applying BIM in the AEC industry in KSA. This study aims to investigate the BIM use in mega projects in KSA and gain BIM benefits. Also, gather and understand potential barriers to applying BIM in the KSA project. A mixed Qualitative and quantitative research approach was adopted to collect and analyze data through surveys and interviews. The result presented an overview of the adoption and implementation of BIM in the global construction industry, with a focus on megaprojects in the public sector in the KSA. The benefits and potential barriers to implementing BIM in the KSA construction industry are identified through a survey and interviews. as a result, it showed that BIM is being used widely in the public sector compared to the private sector, with an increase to be used in the future. Also, a small percentage of potential barriers may not be obstacles to BIM implementation. The study also highlights trends and developments in BIM in the global and KSA construction industry.57 0