Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Effects of Bioactive Restorative Materials on Bovine Dentine with Varying Gap Sizes under Demineralising and Remineralising Conditions(Queen Mary University of London, 2024-03) Abohasel, Nada; Wong, Ferranti; Mills, David; Hill, RobertAim: To evaluate the demineralisation and remineralisation in gaps of varying dimensions between different bioactive restorative materials and bovine dentine. Methods: Four restorative materials, Cention® Forte (CF), RE-GEN™ (RG), ACTIVA™ Presto (AP), and GC Fuji VII (GIC) that claim to be bioactive, and an inert composite, Herculite™ XRV Kerr (HX), were selected for this study. Bovine dentine was used to investigate the effects of these five materials on the exposed surfaces. Silicon putty with a 10mm cylindrical hole in a 30ml plastic container was used to encase a 2mm-thick bovine dentine slice and the test materials. On one surface of the dentine, a stepped cellulose spacer, comprising five layers and measuring 250µm in thickness for each, was used to create a gradation space between the dentine and one of the materials. The whole container was then scanned using an X-ray microtomography scanner ( XMT), MuCAT2, at 3 time points. At T0, the original scan, the specimen was immersed in de-ionised water for storage. At T1, the specimen was immersed in demineralisation solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate at pH 4.5 for 6 weeks. At T2, following demineralisation, the specimen was immersed in a remineralisation solution containing calcium chloride, potassium phosphate, and potassium chloride at pH 7 for 6 weeks after demineralisation. After reconstruction, the images were standardised and aligned for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results: CF, RG and GIC were shown to prevent mineral loss on the dentine surface with the gaps after demineralisation. In addition, mineral was formed and deposited on inside the gap. The dentine in the HX gap had aggressive demineralisation with no mineral deposition in the gap. The dentine in the AP gap was also demineralised but was less than that of HX. In the AP gap, some mineral was formed. After subsequent remineralisation, no obvious change of LAC was found in the CF and GIC gaps. There 5 was continuous mineral formation in the RG gap and the deposition was mainly on the material side. The LAC of the demineralised dentine next to the HX gap was increased, indicating some remineralisation. Small amount of mineral deposit was also found in the HX gap. No change of LAC was detected in the gap of AP. Variation of gap widths, 250 to 750 µm was not shown to have any noticeable effect. Discussion: The release of beneficial ions such as calcium, phosphate and fluoride from CF, RG and GIC has enough acid neutralising effect to prevent demineralisation and also new mineral formation in the gaps when they are subjected to acidic challenges. However, only RG, with the bioactive glass, Bioglass 45S5, has the ability to form mineral on its surface to fill the gap in a non-acidic environment. AP may have some ion release, but the concentration might not be enough to prevent demineralisation. HX, having no bioactive component, shows the classical demineralisation and remineralisation patterns. Conclusion: The bioactivity of RE-GEN™ is able to prevent demineralisation in the material-dentine interface if a restoration leaks. It also has self-repair potential to fill the unintentional gap created by clinicians in restorative procedures in acidic and non-acidic environment. Cention® Forte and GC Fuji VII are also materials that can prevent secondary caries formation. However, ACTIVA™ Presto claim on bioactive prevention cannot be upheld.22 0Item Restricted Restoration of subsurface mineral in non-cavitated enamel lesions using bioactive nanoparticles: In Vitro Study(University of Michigan, 2023) Almutairi, Nader; Clarkson, BrianRestoration of early-stage, non-cavitated caries lesions is a clinical challenge with few available options. Fluoride can stop the progression of caries at any stage, but it is ineffective at restoring enamel crystals lost within the lesion body. This study demonstrates the penetration of fluorapatite nanocrystals (nFA) into the subsurface of white spot lesions (WSL) using a calcium-binding fluorophore and two-photon microscopy (Fluo-4). Randomly divided into three groups, sixteen extracted human teeth with either active, natural or in vitrocreated carious lesions in enamel were analyzed. The teeth were treated with an emulsion of nFA crystals tagged with Fluo-4, Fluo-4 alone, or deionized water for 2 minutes and then left for 30 minutes before being washed with distilled water and analyzed using a two-photon microscope. At their deepest, in vitro and natural lesions treated with tagged nFA fluoresced at a depth of 80um. Lesions treated with Fluo-4 without crystals exhibited fluorescence primarily at the enamel's surface, whereas slabs treated with deionized water exhibited minimal to no fluorescence.55 0Item Restricted Improving the retention of resin-based sealants in paediatric dentistry- A literature review(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-01) Alsaadi, Waad Eidhah; Silikas, NikolaosThe effectiveness of resin sealants in preventing occlusal caries in children and young adults is well documented in the literature. This paper reviews the recent evidence and discusses the development of pits and fissure sealants in dental practice. It also, covers the different factors affecting the retention of resin sealants in paediatric dentistry, the cost-effectiveness, and the economic implications of dental sealants in high caries risk children as well as the optimal time to review fissure sealants. It was concluded from this review that resin sealants by far is the most effective method in preventing occlusal caries and arresting its progression in high caries risk children. Also, it was evident that the success of resin sealants retention depends on multiple factors and its application considered a technique sensitive and required multiple clinical steps. Therefore, caries risk assessment prior to sealant application was recommended for optimal cost- effectiveness. Lastly, incorporating regular review of sealed teeth as a part of the child’s recall visits is crucial to ensure maximum retention and to maintain its caries preventive effect.73 0Item Restricted The Dose-Dependent Response of Silver Diamine Fluoride(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-09-04) Alsulaiman, Daniyah; Shahid, SaroashDental caries is a significant global health concern that affects people of all ages, but children and the elderly in particular. Despite advancements in dental care, dental caries persists due to the complex interaction of multiple factors, including poor oral hygiene, sugary diets, and lack of access to dental care. Moreover, Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is becoming a more common way to treat dental caries. SDF is a clear liquid formed of ions of silver and fluoride. Even when other treatments have failed, SDF is still able to stop tooth caries from getting worse (Ozüdolu, 2021). How well SDF works and what side effects it causes depend on concentration of it. To get the most out of SDF and keep teeth pain and discoloration to a minimum, it needs to be in the right amount. To understand how SDF works to treat tooth cavities, it is important to study how different amounts affect demineralisation. The study utilises Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISEs) to analyse the complex reaction of SDF, thereby facilitating a thorough comprehension of its underlying mechanism. The application of dilution methods was employed to examine different concentrations of SDF, so revealing their effects on the process of demineralisation. The conclusive findings provide valuable insights into the concentration-dependent effectiveness of SDF, hence illuminating its potential as a novel strategy for the management of dental caries.7 0Item Restricted Effect of Contact Type on Caries Experience in Primary Dentition(2023-06-22) Jaafar, Ameena; Dhar, VineetTitle of Thesis: Effect of Contact Type in Primary Molars on Caries Experience. Purpose: The aim is to evaluate effect of contact type and other caries risk factors (diet, plaque, and fluoride) on caries experience in primary dentation. Secondly, to assess prevalence of OXIS contacts among 3-10 years old children enrolled in the study. Methods: Clinical examination was completed on healthy children 3 to 10 years of age. Contact type of primary molars was recorded based on OXIS classification. Information on other caries risk factors were collected (plaque, fluoride, and diet habits). The outcomes assessed included clinical caries (presence/absence), decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft), decayed teeth (dt), and decayed surfaces (ds). Results: A total of 277 contacts were examined in 107 children ( 51 females and 56 males). Moderate plaque was found to be associated with dmft and dt for contacts S, I, and X. High diet frequency was associated with high dmft and dt scores for contacts S, I, and X. Contact type I showed significant association with dmft compared to other contacts in multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Both high diet frequency and moderate plaque index were linked to higher caries experience in children with contact types S,I, and X. Contact type I found to be associated with higher dmft scores compared to other contacts (X and S).18 0Item Restricted The Effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) on Caries Lesions in Adults: retrospective study evaluating the longevity of SDF treated teeth in adult patients using a dental school data record(2025) Al Saffer, Ala; Kolker, JustineSilver diamine fluoride (SDF) is used to treat dental caries lesions on primary teeth in children and have been found effective. Adults may also benefit from the use of SDF in treating exposed initial root caries lesions, yet such studies are lacking. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the factors related to longevity of adult patients’ teeth after SDF treatment. Methods: Data from the University of Iowa College of Dentistry data base (AxiUm) were used for this study. Patients aged 18 years and older with one or more code D1354 between 2016 and 2021 were included. Patient variables included: age, gender, race, number of medications, smoking status, insurance status, and number of D1354 codes overall. Tooth variables included: tooth number, number of D1354 codes applied on the tooth, and subsequent treatment (restoration, root canal treatment, extraction). Operator variables included: provider type (student, post-grad, faculty) and type of clinic (geriatric vs. other). The dependent outcome variable was survival defined as not needing subsequent treatment. Statistical software was used to calculate chi-square values used for analyses to determine relationship between variables and survival. Results: Results included 1772 patients with 2985 SDF treated teeth. Patients that had significantly higher failure (p <.001 to <.05) with tobacco use. Teeth with crowns prior to SDF treatment had higher chance of failure. Multiple applications of SDF had higher chances of not failing.32 0Item Restricted BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS FOR CARIES DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT(2023-05-01) Alturki, Mohammed; Banerjee, AvijitDental caries is a global disease that affects approximately 70% of schoolchildren in various countries, and close to 100% of the adult population has experienced caries. Carious dentine lesions have been treated traditionally by using the principles based on ‘extension for prevention’. This principle statement within the field of operative dentistry has been the standard and safest option that many dentists worldwide use for the treatment of carious lesions. However, in more recent years, these globally accepted principles have been challenged by the developments of adhesive restorative materials, the developments in minimally invasive cavity design and a better understanding of carious lesions. Additionally, the traditional approach is now considered to be too destructive and harmful as a method for caries removal. The overarching aim of this thesis was to characterise carious dentine lesions chemically to delineate healthy and infected / affected carious tissues biochemically, as this is an unmet clinical / laboratorial need to innovate, develop and evaluate new minimally invasive operative technologies and biomaterial applications.16 0