Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Characterization of Coronaviruses Mac1 Mutant Proteins(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-05) Khattabi, Reem Saleh M; Fehr, Anthony; Hancock, Lynn; Holmstrom, Erik HolmstromThe coronaviruses macrodomain, also called Mac1, in the nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) has two important functions: it binds to a protein in the acidic residues (glutamate and aspartate), and hydrolyzes as a mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) from a protein including aspartic acid and asparagine. The biochemistry results of Mac1 protein showed their functions with PARPs. However, there are limited studies on the role of specific residues in the CoV macrodomain. Based on the crystal structure of Mac1 with binding affinity to ADP-ribose, here we focused on two mostly conserved amino acid residues of Mac1 that bind with ADP-ribose in all CoVs, N40, and D22, as mutants to alanine. We also attempted to produce an MHV-Mac1 purified protein, which was unsuccessful in the E. coli or the pET system. This thesis establishes a large-scale protein expression and purification in E. coli for both WT and point mutant CoV Mac1 proteins, which had previously been extremely difficult to purify. The CoVs-Mac1 proteins were characterized by a broad set of biochemical methods. We studied the structure of several Mac1 proteins by circular dichroism (CD). The differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) and alpha screen assays were used to measure ADP-ribose binding. Finally, we also analyzed the ability of these proteins to remove ADP-ribose from a protein substrate.25 0Item Restricted The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Health Practices and Oral Health Outcomes in Children: A Scoping Review(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-09-15) Alsadoon, Mashael; Lodder, Annemarie; Heilmann, AnjaBackground: Oral health is a critical aspect of overall well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected children's oral health through dental clinic closures, disrupted school-based oral health programs, increased sugary snack consumption, and changes in oral hygiene behaviours Aim: The aim of this study was to undertake a scoping review of the literature on the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental health practices and oral Health outcomes in children. Methods: A literature search was carried out using three online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to select studies published between 2020 and 2023. The initial search included 516 results, which were subsequently screened based on their titles and abstracts. After screening process, 16 studies were considered for the final review. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted access to dental care for children, especially in lower income countries and among those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Health behaviours, such as brushing frequency and dietary habits, varied during the pandemic, with some children improving their oral care and food choices while others experienced declines. Dental caries prevalence increased, affecting children's quality of life, particularly when parents were distressed. Conclusion: The pandemic had adverse effects on the availability of dental clinics and has exacerbated inequality. It has also impacted children's Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQOL) and behaviour, leading to reduced brushing and increased sugar consumption. Parental involvement and education play a crucial role in addressing these issues.23 0