Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Exploring police corruption in non-Western settings. An evaluative study on the applicability of existing theories of corruption in Mexico(University of Leeds, 2024-07-28) Aljuaid, Nouf; Butcher, SeanCorruption in police forces is a pressing problem in Mexico. Most theories and academic explanations of police corruption, including the ‘rotten apple’, ‘rotten barrel’, and ‘rotten orchards’ theories, were developed to fit the realities of Western countries, they may not necessarily apply to other parts of the world with completely different policing systems, police culture, or different perceptions of corruption by the wider society. This study aims to explore how the existing theories of corruption explain police corruption in Mexico, particularly in police services. The desk-based research applies the most popular theories, such as ‘rotten apple’, ‘rotten barrel’, and ‘rotten orchards’, and moves beyond them to discover theories and perspectives that can help gain a better understanding of the complex socio-political, legal, and historical factors that explain police corruption in Mexico. The study reveals that common corruption theories, such as ‘rotten apple’ and ‘rotten barrel’, are designed for the Western context and, therefore, are not entirely applicable to the Mexican setting. The ‘rotten orchards’ theory, the historical perspective, and additional theories of labelling and noble cause combined provide a better analysis of the corruption issue in this country. They demonstrate that corruption has been historically embedded in police services and society in general, created close links between police officers and criminals and made legal and policy responses ineffective. Based on the obtained findings, the study provides recommendations for further research and practice.27 0Item Restricted COMPLIANCE AND COMMITMENT OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TO INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW: BALANCING LAW IMPLEMENTATION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-02) Alsowailem, Abeer; Conway, GerardThis essay explores the intricate relationship between compliance and commitment of European countries to international criminal law, focusing on the delicate equilibrium required to balance effective law implementation and safeguarding fundamental rights. Europe, as a region marked by diverse cultures, histories, and legal traditions, serves as an intriguing case study in understanding how states navigate their obligations in the realm of international criminal law while upholding the rights of their citizens. The essay's first section delves into the conceptual framework of compliance and commitment in international law. It establishes a theoretical foundation by examining the motivations behind states' adherence to international norms and obligations. And the most essential principles in criminal law. This section also identifies the challenges of achieving simultaneous compliance and commitment, particularly in a complex and interconnected world. The second section analyzes the various mechanisms available for enforcing international law within Europe, including national courts, regional courts such as the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice, and supranational bodies like the European Union. It investigates how these mechanisms facilitate or hinder the implementation of international law and the protection of individual and collective rights. The third section explores case studies that illustrate the tensions between compliance and commitment in European countries. These case studies cover various topics, including human rights, criminal law, and security arrangements. By examining real-world examples, the essay offers insights into European countries' challenges and trade-offs when balancing their obligations under international law with their domestic concerns. The fourth section of the report delves into potential strategies and best practices for European countries to navigate the intricate landscape of global law compliance and commitment. It discusses the importance of effective legal frameworks, transparent decision-making processes, and active engagement with international organizations to strike the right balance. In conclusion, this essay highlights the intricate interplay between compliance and commitment of European countries to international law, emphasizing the need to strike a delicate balance between criminal law implementation and the protection of rights. By examining theoretical perspectives, practical mechanisms, and real-world cases, the essay contributes to a deeper understanding of how European countries can successfully navigate their international obligations while upholding the rights and interests of their citizens.16 0