Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Integrating Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Sustainable Project Management(University of Exeter, 2024-07-04) Alqurashi, Abdullah; Roman, Jose MelenezSustainable project management encompassed the economic, environmental, and social aspects of a project to attain the project objectives in a sustainable manner. Nonetheless, the integration of AI technologies in sustainable project management was still low due to factors like inadequate knowledge of technical know-how, costs of implementing AI technologies, and resistance from the project team. This research aimed to identify the factors that hinder the application of AI in project management for sustainable practices and provided recommendations for enhanced application. The research sought to understand the status of AI adoption, challenges faced, and the impact of knowledge management practices on project performance based on the survey of 40 professionals in Saudi Arabia. The findings of this research enhanced the theoretical understanding of the topic by identifying that the level of awareness of AI is much higher than the level of its adoption. The research results show that although the level of awareness of AI technologies is relatively high, the implementation of the technologies is limited because of technical, financial, and organizational constraints. This research has also highlighted how knowledge management practice can be used to close this gap which can enhance increase in project performance, reduce costs and promote innovation. The research provided practical recommendations for organizations interested in using AI for sustainability and following best practices on a global level and in alignment with the vision of Saudi Arabia for the future. When applying these recommendations, professionals will be able to increase project efficiency, reduce costs, and promote innovation which contributes to sustainable development goals. This research presents a conceptual model that outlines how AI technologies can be applied in sustainable project management, fostering innovation and sustainable development. The research also highlights the necessity for future research to delve deeper into developing actionable frameworks and practical strategies for integrating AI into sustainable project management.19 0Item Restricted Hydrochemical assessment of an urban groundwater-fed wetland at Sweet Briar Marsh(University of East Anglia, 2024) BinTani, Sharifah Ahmed; Hiscock, Kevinتتعمق هذه الأطروحة بعمق في النظام البيئي المعقد لمستنقع سويت براير، بهدف فهم العوامل العديدة التي تؤثر على جودة المياه. ستكشف الأطروحة عن التفاعلات والتأثيرات المعقدة التي تشكل التوازن الدقيق للمستنقعات من خلال فحص شامل لدرجة الحموضة والأكسجين المذاب والتوصيل ودرجة الحرارة ومستويات المغذيات. يسلط التحقيق الضوء على أن الجريان الزراعي والتوسع الحضري والأنشطة الصناعية تلعب دورًا مهمًا في رفع مستويات النترات والفوسفات، ويرجع ذلك أساسًا إلى الاستخدام المكثف للأسمدة وممارسات إدارة الثروة الحيوانية غير الكافية. تؤدي مستويات المغذيات المرتفعة هذه إلى تلوث المغذيات، مما يزيد من خطر التغذية الزائدة، حيث تحفز المغذيات الزائدة ازدهار الطحالب الضارة وتدهور جودة المياه. تم اقتراح استراتيجيات مختلفة لإدارة المياه لمكافحة هذه التحديات الملحة، بما في ذلك إدارة المغذيات الدقيقة وتدابير مكافحة التلوث. وتؤكد الدراسة على الحاجة الماسة إلى خطط إدارة مصممة خصيصًا والرصد المستمر لحماية الأراضي الرطبة. ويساهم هذا البحث في المعرفة الأوسع بممارسات إدارة الأراضي الرطبة الفعّالة من خلال توفير رؤى متعمقة من الملاحظات الميدانية، مع التأكيد على أهمية مواجهة قضايا جودة المياه المحلية.12 0Item Restricted Magnetic Lab-On-A-Bead Fluorescence Assay For Detection Of Proteins In Low Concentration(University of Limerick, 2024-03) Alhassan, Luluh; Soulimane, Tewfik; Silien, ChristopheIn modern world, the fate of toxic proteins in the environment needs a subject of great concern due to their potential detrimental effects on living organisms. These proteins can have significant impacts on ecosystems and human health. Immunoassays, which are diagnostic tests based on antibody-antigen interactions, offer a quantitative method for detecting various diseases. Given the extensive selection of antibodies, these assays have become a cornerstone of modern diagnostics. This technique involves creating a sandwich structure using two antibodies binding to a single specific antigen. This dual-antibody approach enhances the specificity and sensitivity of disease detection in immunoassays. Several technologies have been proposed for protein quantification, including ELISA, PCR, FTIR, SERS and flow cytometry. However, these methods still have limitations such as non-specificity, intricacy, and high expenses. As a result, an optical system has been developed to monitor toxic proteins in real-time, combining the advantages of IMS and fluorescence in a dual-mode assay for accurate protein quantification. We present a novel imaging technique that utilizes commonly used fluorescent complexes and incorporates digital analysis to detect analytes. We investigate a magnetic-recovery lab-on-a- bead protein detection method using 1 um Ser-mag carboxylate modified microparticles as both substrate and sensor. By employing microparticles, we harness the available spatial information to create a ratiometric signal that remains unaffected by variations in microparticle number and volume during the binding process. This eliminates the primary source of uncertainties typically encountered in traditional ensemble assays. The technique involves coating microbeads with capture molecules that specifically bind to the target protein, immersing them in the liquid sample, performing magnetic recovery, and then staining with a fluorescent dye. The bead-protein complexes are subsequently analysed using Laser Confocal Scanning Microscopy at the single bead level. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of various parameters on the measurement process and their impact on the results. This approach offers simple assay protocols, short incubation times, minimal reagent consumption, and eliminates the need for enzymatic signal amplification. To achieve direct counting and imaging of single molecules, we implemented a co-registration process where widefield and fluorescence images are combined. A mask is created, and particle counting is performed by blindly selecting particles in the widefield image to exclude any undesired fluorescence background. By estimating a threshold value, we enhance the fluorescent signal, thereby increasing the measurement sensitivity. Various metrics were employed to develop signal detection. We verified that the fraction of fluorescent beads scales with the concentration of the target protein in the liquid samples, reaching a limit as low as Zeptomolar (100 zM) for model assay systems. The practical benefits of the dual mode IMS/Fluorescence assay are demonstrated through the detection of bacterial proteins in environmental samples and clinical biomarkers in human serum.37 0Item Restricted Novel Lignin from Pine Wood Chips using Microwave-Assisted Organosolv Method(Saudi Digital Library, 2024-01-01) Aljuhani, Abdulhameed Hamed; Laybourn, AndreaThe microwave-assisted Organosolv method for lignin extraction from pine wood chips, conducted in temperatures between 165°C to 205°C, is thoroughly examined in this study. Critical insights emerge as the highest lignin yield, standing at 25.237%, is achieved at 205°C, while purity reaches its pinnacle at 88.3% when operating at 195°C. Moreover, an optimal residence time of 30 minutes was optimised to achieve maximum yields of 1.93% of lignin-rich material. Microwave technology demonstrates advantages such as rapid heating and environmental friendliness, underscoring the need for judicious temperature-energy balance. A robust lignin calibration curve has been established, facilitating the precise determination of lignin concentration, ultimately revealing a lignin content of 19.582% with an STD of ±2.3% in the initial pine wood chips. These insights could be used to promote the utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass sustainably, emphasising the significance of temperature management in practical applications.20 0Item Restricted A Systematic Review of the Role of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Sustainable Supply Chain(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-14) Abuhaimed, Noura; Touboulic, AnneIn recent years, the sustainable supply chain (SSC) has gained considerable global attention due to its incorporation of sustainability dimensions into its processes. Recent advancements in technologies have presented solutions to various issues associated with supply chain networks (SC). While the role of various technologies like blockchain, IoT, and Industry 4.0 in sustainable supply chains (SSCs) is well- established in the literature, there has been a lack of research on the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and its sub-fields in establishing SSCs. To address this gap, this paper pursues the following objectives: (1) To conduct a systematic review of the role of Artificial Intelligence technology in sustainable supply chains. For this, a total of 55 articles were searched using a set of keywords in the Scopus database in all research fields published in 45 peer-reviewed academic journals from 2010 to 2022. These papers were filtered using the title abstract keywords principle. (2) To document the association of AI technology with the social, and environmental aspects of the supply chain. (3) To highlight the AI deployments that could contribute to the enhancement of SSCs. (4) To draw attention to the gap in the literature and identify promising areas for future study. (5) To create a conceptual framework for the role of AI technology in SSC. This research is valuable for academic scholars and industry practitioners seeking insights into the role of AI in SSCs, as it is the first paper to comprehensively present all AI types in SSC. The study demonstrates that AI technology has the capacity to enhance supply chain sustainability, and it foresees a growing popularity of AI in supply chain management. By laying a strong foundation for understanding the role of AI technology in advancing sustainability, the results offer recommendations for future research directions to address the identified gaps in the literature. This study presents a research framework that integrates AI- based techniques with conventional supply chain practices to address supply chain challenges effectively. The framework outlines the incorporation of AI-enabled operations alongside operations that do not rely on AI to achieve sustainability within the supply chain. The developed framework could help researchers and professionals who want to create SSC models using AI methods32 0Item Restricted What Strategies Can Pharmacy Teams Implement to Reduce The Environmental Impact Associated With Inhaler Use Through Sustainable Prescribing Practices and Effective Management of Medication Waste?(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Alrashedi, Khaled; Evans, LouiseBackground: Inhalers, commonly prescribed for respiratory conditions, contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and ozone layer depletion. The primary environmental concern associated with inhalers is the propellants used, typically hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs) or chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). While HFAs replaced CFCs due to their non-ozone depletion potential, they still act as potent greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change. Proper disposal, energy consumption during manufacturing, and patient education are critical factors influencing the overall environmental footprint of inhalers. Objectives: This scoping review explores the environmental impact of medications, particularly inhalers, and the role of pharmacists in mitigating these impacts. Methods: Through a comprehensive search of academic databases such as PubMed Central and Embase, out of 4862 results, 13 studies were included in the current review. Key findings: pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) are responsible for a significant amount of carbon dioxide emissions and have a detrimental environmental impact throughout usage and disposal. Pharmacists can play an important role in mitigating these effects through helping to switch pMDIs into dry powder inhalers or soft mist inhalers with lower ecological footprint. Furthermore, recycling programmes or some other smart in hospital decisions can aid in decreasing the waste of inhalers. Conclusion: Collaborative efforts between pharmacists, healthcare providers, manufacturers, and environmental organisations are essential in developing and implementing strategies to reduce the ecological footprint while ensuring optimal patient care. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacist-led interventions in mitigating the environmental impact of inhalers and identifying further opportunities for sustainable practices within the pharmaceutical sector.17 0