Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Impact of Continuous Auditing and Centralising the Purchasing Functions for Higher Internal Audit Effectiveness: A Study of Saudi Arabia Companies(Victoria University, 2024-08) Altowaijri, Hamad; Everett, Sophia; DeSilva, ChitraAbstract This research examines internal audit effectiveness and the factors influencing internal auditors’ intentions to use continuous auditing in non-financial companies in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, employing the resource-based theory, this study explores the effects of continuous auditing and the centralisation of purchasing functions on the effectiveness of internal audit. Additionally, utilising the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, this research investigates how performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, effort expectancy and social influence affect internal auditors’ intentions to adopt continuous auditing. The data for this research were gathered utilising a questionnaire method. Questionnaires were distributed to internal auditors in non-financial companies in Saudi Arabia, resulting in 152 completed and useable questionnaires. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. This study employed two multiple regression analyses, estimated using ordinary least squares methods. The findings from the first multiple regression model indicated that both continuous auditing and the centralisation of purchasing functions were significant factors influencing internal audit effectiveness in non-financial companies in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, in the first regression model, continuous auditing and the centralisation of purchasing functions accounted for 20.2% of the variance in internal audit effectiveness. Moreover, continuous auditing was the most important factor affecting the effectiveness of internal audit. The findings from the second multiple regression model revealed that performance expectancy was the sole significant factor influencing internal auditors’ intentions to use continuous auditing. In the second regression model, performance expectancy accounted for 33% of the variance in the internal auditors’ intentions to use continuous auditing. According to the resource-based theory, non-financial companies in Saudi Arabia enhance their internal audit effectiveness and gain a competitive advantage by implementing continuous auditing and centralising purchasing functions. These functions are important for ensuring more efficient and effective audit processes, which can lead to better decision-making and overall organisational performance. Moreover, with respect to the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, there is a need for non-financial companies in Saudi Arabia to develop training programs to enhance their internal auditors’ understanding of the benefits of continuous auditing and its potential for improving internal auditors’ performance. These training courses should focus on demonstrating to internal auditors how implementing continuous auditing can increase their performance efficiency and effectiveness.10 0Item Restricted The Economic Ripple Effect of Tourism: Insights from Saudi Arabia's Growth and Local Communities(University of Glasgow, 2024) Alatif, Munis; Patrizia, RigantiThe research aimed to measure tourism's impact on Saudi Arabia by investigating the industry's ability to contribute to the country's GDP, create new job opportunities, and impact the local community. The research approach also used secondary data methodology, which used two approaches to collect the data on tourism impact: quantitative and qualitative methods. The research found that the tourism industry in Saudi Arabia has both direct and indirect impacts on Saudi Arabia. As a result, tourism contributed to the total GDP of Saudi Arabia between 2019 to 2022 by 3.8 to 3.0% as a direct impact. Moreover, the study showed the links between the number of tourists, tourist spending, and employment opportunities related to economic growth in Saudi Arabia, which might have an indirect impact on the tourism industry in Saudi Arabia. However, in addition to its positive impact, the tourism sector had a negative effect on the Saudi Arabian community, particularly on the cultural structure. Thus, this report represents the impact of tourism on social, cutlery, and policy strategy in Saudi Arabia how the kingdom shifted the economy from oil sources to the non-oil sector, and how the government reduced the cultural harm from tourism practice. This work not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the social economy and the tourism industry's impact on Saudi Arabia but also offers practical insights and recommendations. It presents a detailed analysis of the Saudi government's strategies and the current state, potentials, strategy, and forward insights for sustainable tourism development. By doing so, this study not only enhances our understanding of the impact of the tourism industry in Saudi Arabia but also provides valuable guidance for future policy and strategy development in the country14 0Item Restricted Examining Transformational Leadership's Impact on Employee Growth and Satisfaction in Dammam – A Comparative Study of Public & Private Healthcare Facilities in Dammam(Leeds Beckett University, 2024-08) Almutairi, Abdullah; Arogundade, SuhaibTransformational leadership has been applied in several organisations in leading changes and breakthroughs that have been critical to the survival and transformation of the performance of the organisations where they have been applied. In this light, the aim of this research is to examine the influence of transformational leadership on employee growth and satisfaction in the healthcare industry of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The positivism research philosophy is employed, along with a deductive approach and a survey research strategy. In the survey conducted, a total of 107 potential respondents were contacted, with 80 responses obtained. Both descriptive and inferential analysis were employed in analyzing the data collected. The descriptive analysis showed that both the private and the public healthcare facilities had leaders that employed styles and methods that were aligned with the transformational leadership approach. However, more respondents in the public healthcare facilities agreed to the positive impact that transformational leadership has on their satisfaction and growth, compared to the private healthcare facilities. While this suggested that the impact of transformational leadership on growth and satisfaction was more in the public healthcare facilities, the inferential analysis conducted revealed that the difference in the impact was only significant when considering promotion of workload management (work-life balance), performance, team morale, and team problem resolution as indicators of transformational leadership.29 0Item Restricted Factors Influencing Young Employees’ Decision to Leave Employment(University of Strathclyde, 2024-02-25) Alnussian, Sulaiman; Baum, TomThis thesis examines various aspects of reasons young people give up on employment through a secondary research approach, where the relevant literature, theories, and empirical studies on the topic are analysed. In today’s competitive business environment, younger professionals are now frequently leaving their jobs. Therefore, it is important to examine the underlying causes for such a situation. The composition of the workforce is dominated by mostly the young people who are innovative and bring solutions, new ideas, and technological knowledge. On the other hand, young employees have very high turnover rates, which make the organizations spend extra on recruitment and knowledge loss and at the same time disrupt productivity. Thus, this research aims at adding to the existing knowledge by synthesizing and critically reviewing findings from various sources. The second part of the study is a broad review of the literature in various sources including, journals, industrial reports, as well as expert opinion. The analysis is organized according to major thematic areas, including workplace culture, career development prospects, work-life balance, organizational support, and compensation packages. This section seeks to uncover similarities, anomalies, and gaps about factors that lead to turnover in young workers via secondary research. This dissertation adopts the secondary research methodology, which involves a systematic review of published scholarly articles, reports, and surveys in the last ten years. To achieve this, it will be possible to discover typical features, periodicities and blank spots in the existing knowledge about youthful employee turnover. Data extraction criteria is stringent to incorporate only high-quality studies, thereby increasing the reliability and validity of synthesized findings. This dissertation primarily explores the individual-level factors that contribute to turnover of young employees in their employment. This encompasses a detailed study of job satisfaction, career advancement opportunities, work-life balance, and alignment between organizational values and personal beliefs. This study seeks to provide in-depth understanding regarding interplay between these variables and turnover intentions in young professionals by referring to the works of famous researchers in the industry. Additionally, the study focuses on the organizational-level determinants of young employee turnover and the areas of leadership, organizational culture, and communication channels. In these explorations, efforts are made to reveal the organizational elements which either facilitate or hinder a comfortable working environment for the young employees, with an effect on their commitment to the organization. The dissertation also considers wider societal influences on young employee turnover including individual and organizational factors. The study further discusses the influence of various external factors such as economics, generational trends, as well as societal expectations and their impact on the decision-making capabilities of the young professionals in the modern workplace. It becomes imperative to comprehend these macro-level influences in order to come up with comprehensive strategies for retaining talented young people. Perceived compensation, work-life balance, career development opportunities, and management will show a high level of association with young employee turnover. It is expected that higher levels of perceived compensation, work-life balance, career development possibilities and management support will be associated with lower levels of turnover intention. This hypothesis assumes that these factors are key determinants of young professionals’ turnover intentions. The study is expected to reveal a positive correlation between increased levels of perceived compensation and lower turnover intention in young employees. At the same time, the study is anticipated to reveal that a supportive work-life balance, which blends the professional and personal aspects of life, correlates with lower turnover intentions. The study also seeks to associate the career development opportunities in a firm to the reduced intention to turnover among young employees, underscoring the significance of growth prospects to retain talent. This hypothesis further proposes that high level of management support that include good leadership and communication will go hand in hand with low levels of turnover intention among the young professionals. Consequently, organizations that are promoting favorable views about these areas are likely to experience a loyal and more stabilized young workforce, thus aiding employee retention strategies and organizational success. The study aims to synthesize and critically analyse existing literature, thus, adding to the body of knowledge for academia and the business community. This study will have important implications for organizations that aim to decrease youth turnover or increase workforce retention. Knowing what determines young employee turnover decisions, organizations can devise methods of attracting, engaging and retaining the best talent. This will facilitate the development of a responsive and interactive workforce. The insights should provide direction on policy formulation in organizations, the human resource practices and making the work environment liveable for the youth professionals. The organizations would need to understand reasons and factors that make the young employee leave, and must also, create favourable conditions, for the organization to outlive in future. Thus, organizations need to investigate organizational, individual, and contextual factors in order to develop a culture that attracts, engages and retains young staff, which will provide them with a talent pipeline to foster innovation and growth.21 0Item Restricted The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Health Practices and Oral Health Outcomes in Children: A Scoping Review(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-09-15) Alsadoon, Mashael; Lodder, Annemarie; Heilmann, AnjaBackground: Oral health is a critical aspect of overall well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected children's oral health through dental clinic closures, disrupted school-based oral health programs, increased sugary snack consumption, and changes in oral hygiene behaviours Aim: The aim of this study was to undertake a scoping review of the literature on the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental health practices and oral Health outcomes in children. Methods: A literature search was carried out using three online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to select studies published between 2020 and 2023. The initial search included 516 results, which were subsequently screened based on their titles and abstracts. After screening process, 16 studies were considered for the final review. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted access to dental care for children, especially in lower income countries and among those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Health behaviours, such as brushing frequency and dietary habits, varied during the pandemic, with some children improving their oral care and food choices while others experienced declines. Dental caries prevalence increased, affecting children's quality of life, particularly when parents were distressed. Conclusion: The pandemic had adverse effects on the availability of dental clinics and has exacerbated inequality. It has also impacted children's Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQOL) and behaviour, leading to reduced brushing and increased sugar consumption. Parental involvement and education play a crucial role in addressing these issues.23 0Item Restricted Information Systems and Organisational Culture: The Case Study of CRM System in Organisation T(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-29) Abdulsalam, Thekra Ahmed M; Sarker, SaoneeIn the era of technological advancement, the relationship between humans and systems is constantly evolving. In an organisational context, understanding the underlying dynamics of such relationship is key to navigate through digital change. The capabilities of humans and systems can be realised once this understanding is achieved. Therefore, this research explores the subject matter by studying the impact of advanced CRM systems on organisational culture. The case study approach is used to interpret perceptions of Organisation T in relevance to the cultural shifts resulting from CRM system implementation. Six themes emerge as the research findings: Autonomy Aided by the Use of Technology, Sense of Belonging and Synergy, Amplified Visibility and Recognition, Clarity of Strategic Outlook, Accelerated Responsiveness, and Enthusiasm towards Collective Growth. Furthermore, the themes are reviewed against the Competing Values Framework and found to align with three culture types: Market, Clan, and Adhocracy cultures. The themes representing the impact on organisational culture are the result of the interplay between the CRM system and the context it exists within. Therefore, this research adopts a humanised lens to shed light on the nature of shifts brought upon organisational culture by the CRM system.15 0