Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations

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Exploring the Role of Instructional-Based Leadership in Professional Development in an International Context, a Systematic Literature Review
(University of South Wales, 2024-09-23) Afandi, Einas; Multani, Yasmeen
The professional development of teachers is a critical practice highly valued for improving the quality of education and student achievement. However, limited evidence demonstrates the relationship between school leadership and management models and their influence on teachers' professional growth and development. While there has been extensive research on instructional leadership, limited evidence demonstrates its direct link with teacher professional development. In particular, there are no significant indications of the direct role of instructional leadership in teacher professional development. The study focuses on the positive impact of instructional leadership on enhancing knowledge and skills, particularly in secondary schools. The research aimed to determine how school leadership contributes to improving the quality of instruction for secondary school staff. The study utilized a systematic review method, conducting electronic searches in Scopus, Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), and Web of Science. The synthesis of the study outcomes was based on thematic analysis, reviewing six identified studies to demonstrate the role of instructional leadership in teacher professional development. The findings of the study are relevant in decision- and policymaking in terms of leadership and management of schools in the promotion of teacher professional growth and development. The outcomes of the study ascertain the reliability of instructional leadership in fostering professional growth while also offering insights into the numerous ways that professional development of teachers can be achieved. As a result, it demonstrates how school leaders can leverage the instructional leadership framework in promoting TPD and fostering positive student outcomes
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AN EXPLORATION OF EMERGENCY STAFF PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF TEAMWORK IN AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
(Cardiff University, 2024) Alanazi, Sami; Whitcombe, Steve
Background: Teamwork practices have been recognised as a significant strategy to improve patient safety, quality of care, and staff and patient satisfaction in healthcare settings, particularly within the emergency department (ED). The ED depends heavily on teams of interdisciplinary healthcare staff to carry out their operational goals and the core business of providing care to the seriously ill and injured. The ED is also recognised as a high-risk area concerning service demand and the potential for human error. Few studies have considered the perceptions and experiences of ED staff (physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, and administration staff) regarding the practice of teamwork, especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and few studies have been conducted in KSA to explore the teamwork practices in EDs. Aim: To explore teamwork practices from the perspectives and experiences of staff (physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, and administration staff) when interacting with each other in the admission areas of the ED in a public hospital in the Northern Borders region of the KSA. Method: This research used a qualitative case study design, drawing on three data collection methods: documentary review, semi-structured interviews (n=22) with physicians (n=6), nurses (n=10), allied health professionals (n=3), and administrative staff (n=3) and six non- participant direct observations. All data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis. Findings: The thematic analysis of the data yielded ten prominent themes, which were integral to understanding the staff's views and experiences with teamwork in the ED's admission areas. These themes revealed the barriers and the enablers experienced by the ED teams. The findings demonstrated that interdisciplinary teamwork is encouraged by a shared goal of patient care, reduced employee stress, and improved job satisfaction. In the ED, interdisciplinary collaboration was critical and functioned under a hierarchical structure, with a clear leader guiding decisions to achieve the best outcomes. However, barriers such as negative staff behaviours, staff shortages, and inadequate management support often hindered teamwork. Moreover, the study found that gender interactions and the high number of expatriates in the ED posed challenges such as discrimination and language barriers. In addition, the triage process, such as admitting non-urgent patients, contributed to overcrowding and overwhelmed the teams. The findings revealed that effective teamwork depends on effective communication, multitasking, stress management, and leadership skills. Finally, these findings were examined and compared with the four domains (relational, processual, organisational, and contextual) of Reeves et al.'s (2010) conceptual framework for understanding interprofessional teamwork. However, individual factors emerged as a new fifth domain that is not a part of the framework also played a critical role in interdisciplinary teamwork in the ED. Conclusion: Effective interdisciplinary teamwork is crucial in the ED in KSA due to the diverse cultural issues staff experience. Gender, language, social, and organisational issues can sometimes impose barriers to collaboration. Consequently, continuous teamwork training and support are necessary to improve the teamwork practices of the ED staff and ensure the provision of high-quality care to patients. The study’s findings provide practical insights for healthcare policymakers, hospital administrators, the KSA Vision 2030, and other countries seeking to optimise patient safety and quality of care by implementing effective teamwork practices in an ED setting.
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Exploring Cultural and Institutional Drivers of Saudi Women's Labor Force Participation
(King's College London, 2024) Lowloh Sharbatly, Dalyah Hasanain; Jayal, Niraja
This paper investigates the cultural and institutional factors influencing Saudi women's participation in the labor market, particularly focusing on leadership roles, within the framework of Vision 2030. The main research question addressed is how the nature of the work/care regime in Saudi Arabia affects policies and initiatives aimed at empowering women. The study employs Pocock's work/care regime framework to analyze the interplay between work and care responsibilities, alongside cultural and institutional contexts that shape women's work-life outcomes. Data was collected through exploratory cultural and institutional analyses, focusing on sociocultural norms, legal constraints, and labor market reforms. Key findings reveal that while recent reforms under Vision 2030 have increased women's workforce participation, significant barriers remain due to entrenched cultural norms and inadequate institutional support. Women face challenges such as limited career advancement opportunities, unequal pay, and a lack of respect and decision-making authority compared to their male counterparts. The study concludes that achieving genuine empowerment requires addressing these structural and sociocultural barriers. Policy recommendations include the development of advanced training programs, regulatory reforms to promote gender equality, and culturally tailored work-life balance policies to support women's dual roles in society. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on women's empowerment in Saudi Arabia by providing insights into the effectiveness of Vision 2030 initiatives and offering strategic recommendations for enhancing female participation in the labor market.
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How Does Transformational Leadership Influence Employee Creativity Through Psychological Empowerment in the Health Industry? Lessons from Existing Theoretical and Empirical Literature
(Queen’s Business School, 2024-09-13) Bin Jower, Aisha; Makowski, Piotr
This dissertation investigates the effect of transformational leadership on psychological empowerment and creativity in healthcare settings. The study addresses how leadership styles affect innovation and the performance of organisations in an industry that is chronically stressed, where rules are strict and ever-changing, and where patients’ needs are in constant flux. It uses a mixed-methods approach to existing data to explore several pertinent themes. One of these is how the behaviours of transformational leaders influence empowerment and how empowerment, in turn, mediates creativity among healthcare professionals. Furthermore, this research combines a quantitative analysis with a thematic qualitative review of the relevant literature to shed light on the association between leadership, empowerment, and creativity. The results indicate that transformational leadership has a strong, direct, and positive effect on psychological empowerment, which serves as a mediator for employee creativity, leading to improved innovation and job satisfaction. Also, it underscores ’the importance of context, demonstrating that effective healthcare leadership strategies should be tailored to the particulars of the environment if they are to achieve the desired effect. The dissertation concludes by recommending that healthcare organisations develop leadership programs that empower and nurture adaptability in their leaders: essential qualities that enable an organisation to meet the many challenges currently facing the healthcare industry. Future research should explore the specific kinds of leadership that serve the healthcare context and the support systems needed to create a culture of creativity within organisations
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Large-System Transformation in Healthcare and the Roles of Senior Leaders: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia
(University of Manchester, 2024) Bawhab, Omar; Nelson, Adrian; Coleman, Anna; Mahon, Ann
The implementation of large-system transformation in healthcare is complex and multi-faceted, requiring effective leadership at all levels, particularly from senior leaders. However, there is limited conceptual clarity around large-system transformations in healthcare and the roles senior leaders play in driving such transformations, especially in a non-Western context. This thesis addresses these knowledge gaps by exploring senior leaders' perceptions of large-system transformation and their role in its implementation in Saudi Arabia. Using a qualitative single case study design, this research gathered insights from 22 senior leaders at national and regional levels of the Saudi healthcare system through semi-structured interviews. The study employed an inductive-deductive thematic analysis approach, guided by the Health System Dynamics Framework, sensemaking theory, and systems leadership perspectives. Two conceptual frameworks were developed: one delineating ten key components of large-system transformation in healthcare, and another outlining seven critical roles of senior leaders during such transformations, six categories of enablers, and eight types of challenges. The large-system transformation framework highlights the interconnected nature of contextual triggers, climate for change, vision, leadership, governance, actors, resources, processes, social forces (e.g., resistance to change), and information flow. The senior leaders’ roles, enablers, and challenges framework emphasizes leaders' responsibilities in creating a climate for change, communicating and learning, managing resources, engaging stakeholders, setting strategic direction, managing social dynamics, and developing key leadership attributes. The framework also indicates multiple enablers and challenges relevant to the roles of senior leaders, providing a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in healthcare system transformations. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of large-system transformation in healthcare and senior leaders' roles, enablers, and challenges, particularly in a non-Western context. It offers practical implications for healthcare leaders and policymakers engaged in system-wide transformations. Future research directions are suggested to further validate and expand upon these findings.
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Large-System Transformation in Healthcare and the Roles of Senior Leaders: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia
(University of Manchester, 2024) Bawhab, Omar; Nelson, Adrian; Coleman, Anna; Mahon, Ann
The implementation of large-system transformation in healthcare is complex and multi-faceted, requiring effective leadership at all levels, particularly from senior leaders. However, there is limited conceptual clarity around large-system transformations in healthcare and the roles senior leaders play in driving such transformations, especially in a non-Western context. This thesis addresses these knowledge gaps by exploring senior leaders' perceptions of large-system transformation and their role in its implementation in Saudi Arabia. Using a qualitative single case study design, this research gathered insights from 22 senior leaders at national and regional levels of the Saudi healthcare system through semi-structured interviews. The study employed an inductive-deductive thematic analysis approach, guided by the Health System Dynamics Framework, sensemaking theory, and systems leadership perspectives. Two conceptual frameworks were developed: one delineating ten key components of large-system transformation in healthcare, and another outlining seven critical roles of senior leaders during such transformations, six categories of enablers, and eight types of challenges. The large-system transformation framework highlights the interconnected nature of contextual triggers, climate for change, vision, leadership, governance, actors, resources, processes, social forces (e.g., resistance to change), and information flow. The senior leaders’ roles, enablers, and challenges framework emphasizes leaders' responsibilities in creating a climate for change, communicating and learning, managing resources, engaging stakeholders, setting strategic direction, managing social dynamics, and developing key leadership attributes. The framework also indicates multiple enablers and challenges relevant to the roles of senior leaders, providing a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in healthcare system transformations. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of large-system transformation in healthcare and senior leaders' roles, enablers, and challenges, particularly in a non-Western context. It offers practical implications for healthcare leaders and policymakers engaged in system-wide transformations. Future research directions are suggested to further validate and expand upon these findings.
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Examining Transformational Leadership's Impact on Employee Growth and Satisfaction in Dammam – A Comparative Study of Public & Private Healthcare Facilities in Dammam
(Leeds Beckett University, 2024-08) Almutairi, Abdullah; Arogundade, Suhaib
Transformational leadership has been applied in several organisations in leading changes and breakthroughs that have been critical to the survival and transformation of the performance of the organisations where they have been applied. In this light, the aim of this research is to examine the influence of transformational leadership on employee growth and satisfaction in the healthcare industry of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The positivism research philosophy is employed, along with a deductive approach and a survey research strategy. In the survey conducted, a total of 107 potential respondents were contacted, with 80 responses obtained. Both descriptive and inferential analysis were employed in analyzing the data collected. The descriptive analysis showed that both the private and the public healthcare facilities had leaders that employed styles and methods that were aligned with the transformational leadership approach. However, more respondents in the public healthcare facilities agreed to the positive impact that transformational leadership has on their satisfaction and growth, compared to the private healthcare facilities. While this suggested that the impact of transformational leadership on growth and satisfaction was more in the public healthcare facilities, the inferential analysis conducted revealed that the difference in the impact was only significant when considering promotion of workload management (work-life balance), performance, team morale, and team problem resolution as indicators of transformational leadership.
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Shared leadership in the context of change: A Saudi Arabian case study
(Queen's University of Belfast, 2024) Alsabaan, Faisal Saleh; Murphy, Joanne; Cullinane, Niall
Leadership is a major research subject for many scholars, and approaches to the study of leadership range from a concern for distinctions between leaders and leadership, the role of leadership in strategy and strategic decision-making, behavioural approaches to leadership, systems and network approaches, including those that encompass complex adaptive systems and enduring concerns for leadership through and beyond organisations, system-wide change, and sharing of authority through shared leadership. Shared leadership and its impact on teams and organisations have been major research concerns for decades. Shared leadership is a horizontal style of leading, unlike traditional leadership behaviour, and focuses on team collective leadership. The term describes a team process that distributes leadership among team members, empowering each member to act as a leader instead of relying on a single designated leader. Traditional leadership and shared leadership are not interchangeable; rather, they act to complement one another. Given that the case study and the research time frame align with a period of discontinuous change for the organisation. This PhD thesis aims to identify and investigate shared leadership practices within a case study organisation undergoing a process of change. It identifies within the literature the factors that affect the development of shared leadership practices and how these factors impact the accomplishment of organisational change. In doing so, it constructs a model of shared leadership in practice and dimensionises how that model operates in an empirical setting. The researcher utilised a qualitative approach to collect the data for this study from a Saudi commercial organisation. The researcher collected the data through semi-structured interviews. The researcher applied the embedded case study approach because they conducted the study in three different regions of one commercial organisation. The study sample consisted of branch managers, heads of departments, and branch members. The researcher interviewed the case CEO, five branch managers, three heads of departments, and 17 team members across the three regions. This PhD thesis has provided a deeper understanding of the empirical implementation of shared leadership, specifically within the context of organisational change. The conceptual model of shared leadership in practice provides an opportunity to empirically explore how key factors of shared leadership operate in a real-world environment. It makes a useful contribution to the growing body of shared leadership literature. The conceptual model yielded useful insights for identifying shared leadership practices within the case study organisation. The researcher was able to gain a comprehensive understanding of the empirical implementation of these factors and their impact on shared leadership practices, particularly in the context of organisational change. The conceptual model effectively facilitated the identification of shared leadership practices within the case study organisation and explored the influence of these factors on the successful implementation of organisational change in Saudi commercial organisations.
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DEVELOPING A MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP APPROACH SUITABLE FOR THE META-MODERN WORLD
(Leeds Beckett University, 2024-05) Alwuthaynani, Mohammed Saud; Cox, Peter
The aim of this research project was to improve the adequate leadership and management approach for the hotel sector in Saudi Arabia aligned with cultural transformation of Vision 2030 using Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory. In the first chapter of the research, it has been detailed how Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 is being focussed while introducing the research topic and discussing the background for the research. It is shown how Saudi Arabia has distinct variation in its Hofstede cultural dimensions. The research aim, objectives and structure have been provided for further direction along with discussion on the importance for the research and problem related to lesser understanding on the leadership practice in Saudi Arabia. The second chapter of the research project covers detailed literature review on the topic. The literature review uses the existing research papers to highlight different management and leadership styles in the KSA hotel sector, culture focussed on Saudi Arabia 2030, impact of organisational culture as well as leadership style on employee motivation and cultural factors influencing leadership decisions. Hofstede cultural dimension theory and contingency theory were covered in theoretical framework. The effective leadership strategies in Saudi Arabia and literature gap were given. The third chapter highlighted the complete research methodology used for the research. The discussion included details on the search strategy, keywords utility, and framework for research, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria and database used for aiding the overall data collection process. The limitations and critique for the chosen approach were also discussed. The fourth chapter of the research dissertation entailed a scoping review on the selected problem of leadership and management approach useful for Saudi Arabia hotel sector. The summary of the overall scoping review was also discussed thoroughly focussing on the key themes. The fifth chapter of the research study highlighted conclusion formed based on the research findings showing how Saudi Arabia needed to embrace change to accommodate Saudi Vision 2030 goals for its hotel businesses. Objectives were linked with the findings and a set of SMART recommendations were given in this chapter detailing what the hotel sector of Saudi Arabia needed to focus on along with a discussion of the future scope.
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The Intersection of Islamic Values and Ethical Leadership in Saudi Arabian SMEs and Their Influence on Employees’ Behaviour.
(University of Reading, 2024-08) Alanazi, Mohammed; Bourne, Dorota; Adewale, Adeyinka
This study explores ethical leadership and Islamic values in Saudi Arabian SMEs and their impact on employees’ behaviour. Using a qualitative methodological approach, data has been collected from semi-structured interviews with 30 employees and leaders representing five Saudi SMEs. The findings indicated that Saudi SME leaders act in accordance with Islamic principles and values and that in doing so, their behaviour and actions resemble ethical leadership. However, although most Saudi SME leaders exhibit ethical behaviour, others not – despite professing adherence to the Islamic faith. When leaders act ethically, their employees are more likely to do the same. Likewise, when leaders act unethically, their employees are more inclined toward unethical behaviours. Perhaps surprisingly, however, some leaders behave so ethically that they ultimately exert a negative influence on ethical employee behaviour. Furthermore, this study has found that Saudi SME leaders demonstrate four Islamic values – accountability, consultation, justice and trust – at three different levels: excessive, adequate and deficient. The behaviour of the leaders varies across the three levels, which also impacts the ethical behaviour of their employees. Based on the findings, it has been argued that an ‘adequate’ level of the four values is preferable to excessive or deficient levels. This is because at the adequate level, the four leadership values create a positive impact on employees. Contrarily, the impact of values at excessive and deficient levels is negative.
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