Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Influence of Culture and Stigma on Help-Seeking for Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of Saudi University Students in the US(Kent State University, 2024-09) Alshehri, Amer Ali; Ding, Kelemental health help-seeking intentions and acculturation, stigma tolerance, expertness, and self-efficacy among Saudi international students in the United States. Additionally, it sought to explore the impact of anxiety, depression, and the COVID-19 experience on the intention. A cross-sectional survey research design was used to collect data from Saudi students enrolled in American universities. A sample size of 377 was pursued based on sample size estimation for a confidence interval of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. A total of 198 respondents completed the survey covering demographic variables, acculturation, stigma tolerance, expertness, intent, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression assessment, and COVID-19 impact and experience. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)Statistical significance was set at p≤.05. The findings highlighted the importance of considering cultural and individual factors in understanding mental health help-seeking behaviors among Saudi international students. The Theory of Planned Behavior provides a valuable framework for conceptualizing these behaviors. Implications of the findings for mental health interventions and support services for Saudi students in the United States are discussed.12 0Item Restricted The Relationship of Dispositional Optimism and Religiosity to Mental and Physical Health in Saudi Arabian Students Studying in The United States.(Barry University, 2023-02) Albattah, Majidah; Koncsol, StephenThe relationship between different forms of faith as belief systems and universal concepts of quality of life, health, well-being, etc., has attracted huge research attention. Data from Islamic samples support the positive link between religious belief, mental, and physical health. Little research has been done to examine the multiple dimensions of optimism and how it relates to religion and health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of dispositional optimism and religiosity to the mental and physical health of Saudi Arabian students studying in the United States. Understanding the relationship between optimism and religiosity may allow the creation of different strategies and therapy plans that help to maintain good mental and physical health for students studying aboard. A sample of 316 Saudi Arabian college students studying in United State were recruited. The sample was collected through an anonymous online survey through online sources e.g. WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat that reach Saudi communities in United States. Participants were asked to complete five questionnaires anonymously including: A Demographic questionnaire, Physical Health questionnaire, The Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R; Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994), The Muslim Daily Religiosity Assessment Scale (MUDRAS; Olufadi, Y., 2016), and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS, Stewart-Brown & Janmohamed, 2008). For the first hypothesis, a correlational analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the scores for The Revised Life Orientation scale and The Muslim Daily Religiosity Assessment Scale. Results showed a significant positive relationship between dispositional optimism and Muslim religiosity. For second hypothesis, a correlational analysis was performed to assess the relationship between dispositional optimism and mental health. Results reveled that there was a significant positive relationship between dispositional optimism and mental health. Results for the third hypothesis showed a significant positive relationship between dispositional optimism and better mental health. In a fourth hypothesis a hierarchical regression was conducted to test that optimism (LOT-R Scores), Mental Health (WEMWBS Scores) and Physical health (Phy Scores) would predict religiosity (MUDRAS Scores). Mental health, physical health and disposition optimism were not found to have a significant impact on Muslim religiosity. As the fourth hypothesis was rejected it was decided to investigate the relationship of optimism as a mediator of religiosity, mental and physical health. Therefore, a hierarchical regression was conducted to test that religiosity, mental and physical health would predict dispositional optimism. Results showed that optimism significantly predicts mental health. There was a trend toward optimism predicting physical health but it was not significant. However, optimism did not significantly predict religiosity. Future research should be focused on a Saudi Arabian population who study and live in Saudi Arabia instead of the USA.22 0Item Restricted A Grounded Theory Investigation of Self-Identified Female Students’ Mental Health Perception, Mental Health Factors, and Help Seeking Behaviours(Western University, 2024) Alzaidi, Laila; Forchuk, Cheryl; Babenko-Mould, Yolanda; Booth, RichardThe purpose of this integrated-article dissertation was to explore self-identified female students’ understanding of mental health, mental health factors, and help-seeking behaviours. Young adults often face multiple stressors in their daily lives and must find ways to prevent, address, or overcome stressors that can lead to emotional and physical distress. University life can be more stressful because of greater responsibilities and independence during this age period. Increasingly, post secondary school students are recognized as an at-risk population for poor mental health. It is worth noting that female students experienced greater levels of stress compared to other genders. Poor mental health can contribute to poor academic performance and excessive alcohol consumption. Transition-aged youth (17-29 years) of all genders are particularly at risk of developing mental health problems, yet they are one of the least likely demographic groups to seek help. In a state of mental health, individuals are more prepared to take healthy risks, actively contribute to society, and gain life satisfaction. The undertaking for mental well-being is a common desire for oneself, students, and loved ones. However, limited research has been conducted about perceptions and attitudes of young adults, especially among female students, regarding mental health and help-seeking behaviours. A constructivist grounded theory study was conducted, and semi-structured interviews were undertaken between January and March 2023 with 22 self- identified female students who were enrolled in post-secondary programs at a university in Ontario, Canada. Participants shared their insights during in-depth individual interviews. The following eighteen themes emerged from students data during data analysis: psychological well-being, socioeconomic factors, social and societal influences on students’ well-being, holistic well-being perspectives, academic perspectives, career and financial perspectives, life and future perspectives, coping mechanisms, healthcare engagement challenges, psychological barriers, relational barriers, personal challenges, seeking professional and non-professional support, integrated support, self-reliance and self-help. The findings demonstrated that students’ advocacy for the promotion of mental health practices has a strong impact on their overall well-being.18 0Item Restricted EFFECT OF IMMIGRATION ON EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG IMMIGRANT FAMILIES AND THEIR CHILDREN(Clark Atlanta University, 2018) Algthami, Souzan; Jin, Seok WonThis study focused on the effect of immigration to the United States on educational achievement and mental health among families and their children and analyzed the impact on immigrant children concerning their academic performance in new school environments. It showed various mental psychological issues like anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and suicidal thoughts. Findings in the literature affirm that the language and acculturation barriers are compounded with social and peer concerns, and learning-behavioral challenges to create “gaps” in the performance of immigrant children.28 0Item Restricted Introducing Stakeholder Perceptions of Refugee Children’s Wellbeing(University of Leicester, 2024-02-23) Alowaybil, Reem; Maltby, JohnThis thesis introduces a new approach of conceptualising refugee children’s wellbeing by incorporating insights of multiple stakeholders. This was achieved by five empirical studies using different qualitative and psychometric designs. The first study aimed to establish the challenges in addressing refugee children’s wellbeing using a sample of refugee children, parents, and professionals. Stakeholders highlighted the challenges in education wellbeing, indicating lack of understanding of refugee children’s mental health needs in the education system. The second study aimed to bridge this gap by introducing a new model of teachers’ perceptions of refugee children’s school wellbeing ‘The WELLS’, and developing a new scale. Study three aimed to test the underlying structure of the new developed scale using an independent sample of schoolteachers. Results suggested a three-dimensional model of teachers’ perception of refugee children’s school wellbeing; mental, academic, and social. The fourth study introduced a short form of the new scale, in order to provide schoolteachers with an efficient measure of refugee students’ mental health needs, and to support the multidimensional nature of the scale. To this end, two samples of schoolteachers were recruited in this study to confirm and test the replicability of the three-factor structure. Finally, a sample of schoolteachers was recruited in the fifth study to align the three dimensions against convergent and discriminant constructs. Overall, this thesis offers a comprehensive theoretical understanding of refugee children’s wellbeing as perceived by stakeholders. Furthermore, a novel measurement tool designed to assess refugee children's school wellbeing from the perspective of teachers was introduced. It contributes to improve our understanding of refugee children's mental health needs and offers a valuable resource for interventions that future research in this area can benefit from.13 0Item Restricted Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nurses Delivering Care in Hospitals(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Alruwaili, Bashayer Muidh; Parkinson, DenisBackground: Nurses have faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, with one major issue being the increased mental health concerns. These could impact the quality of healthcare provided by nurses, along with patient care and safety, as a result of multiple factors, including heavy workloads and long hours. Numerous other factors affecting nurses can influence these outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to provide accessible resources to help nurses reduce their mental health problems and improve their overall psychological well-being. Such resources would be able to offer effective strategies to support nurses as they care for patients during these challenging times. Aim: To review and synthesize published research about the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological well-being of nurses and identify effective strategies that can assist nurses with mitigating mental health issues during the pandemic. Methodology: This study will provide a narrative review of the evidence. The researchers conducted an extensive review of the literature by utilizing various online biomedical databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus. Result: After limiting the search dates to December 2019 –2023, the literature search identified a total of 132 articles. The primary focus of the study is the COVID- 19 period, which led to the exclusion of studies published before December 2019 from consideration. Critical Appraisal and Skills Programme (CASP) tools were utilized to evaluate the credibility and quality of the articles, leading to the inclusion of 19 articles that were considered appropriate for this review. Conclusion: This review identified the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses' mental health, particularly due to certain factors such as increased workloads and fear of infection, which significantly affect their well-being. Ensuring nurses' mental health is vital for maintaining high-quality patient care. Offering efficient support and accessible resources can mitigate stress levels and enhance resilience. Given the long-term consequences of the pandemic on healthcare systems, continuous support and monitoring for nurses' mental well-being are essential. Strengthening nurses' capacity to provide patient care can be achieved through a culture that promotes well-being and provides sustained support.8 0Item Restricted The impact of shift work on the mental health, burnout syndrome, and job satisfaction of female nurses in a general hospital: a comparison between rotating night shifts and day shifts(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-07-29) Alqani, Shahalil; Zolfaghari, ParjamNumerous industries, including transportation, healthcare and hospitality, rely on the availability of employees who work beyond the conventional hours of 7:00 am to 6:00 pm (1). Up to 40% of healthcare workers within the European Union are subjected to shift work (2). Shift work is regarded as essential in the healthcare system to guarantee and facilitate continuity of care in hospitals and residential institutions. Shift work requires nurses to follow rotating schedules that include night shifts. These schedules are necessary to provide 24-hour care for patients and imply that nurses may have to work extended hours to ensure the continuous availability of healthcare professionals to address patients’ needs (3, 4), which can potentially contribute to the onset of burnout. Burnout is a state that arises from prolonged exposure to difficult and demanding work circumstances. It is primarily triggered by a combination of physical and psychological risks associated with one’s occupation, especially when the work environment lacks factors that promote well-being and satisfaction (4). Burnout is defined by extreme exhaustion, a sense of cynicism or detachment, and difficulties in thinking clearly and managing emotions effectively. It is a condition where individuals experience significant fatigue, develop negative attitudes or scepticism towards their work, and struggle with cognitive and emotional functioning (4). Studies have revealed that between 25% and 37% of nurses in Europe and the United States experience burnout (5, 6). Burnout and weariness have serious consequences for both the affected individuals and the organisations that employ them. Individuals who are burned out are more likely to request sick time and declare their intention to leave their jobs. These outcomes will have a substantial impact not just on the efficiency and well- being of individuals, nevertheless on the general functioning and performance of the organisations to which they are associated with (7). Patient safety is also affected by nurse burnout since burnout is linked to a higher risk of medication errors and increases the likelihood of patients encountering infections, falls and adverse events (8).14 0Item Restricted Exploration of burnout among Healthcare Professionals in Gulf regions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-09-04) Alhussaini, Abdullah; Skivington, KathrynAim: The aim of this study was to identify and understand the key factors that influence the likelihood of professional burnout in healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding these factors will help policy makers and institutional management develop and implement strategies that will protect and support HCWs, and thus develop a more flexible and robust healthcare system. Method: HCWs’ views on, and experiences of, burnout, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, were examined. This was achieved through a systematic review and narrative synthesis of relevant qualitative studies published between 2020 and 2023. The studies were identified through a comprehensive search of three major databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL), and were evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Results: The results of the study suggested that the causes of burnout (stressors) can be categorised under four main themes: (a) workload and role expansion, (b) fear of infection, (c) lack of administrative support, and (d) inadequacy of personal protective equipment. These, either collectively or individually, led to psychological and emotional effects, resulting in burnout. The study also found that these stressors did not affect all HCWs equally: their impact depended on the personal and professional profile of individual HCWs. HCWs appeared to exhibit a sense of professionalism, and an ability to adapt and grow professionally, through a range of coping mechanisms. Discussion: The results of the review are examined in the light of the research questions, and the case is made for improving pandemic preparedness through the implementation of context-specific strategies which take account of the identified stressors, and which include coping mechanisms. Conclusion: While the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased stress among HCWs across the GCC regions, burnout appeared to be highly influenced by individual context, such as age, experience and role. The factors identified, and their context dependency, should be considered in developing context-specific strategies to support healthcare workers' wellbeing and resilience during crisis conditions.21 0