Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Large-System Transformation in Healthcare and the Roles of Senior Leaders: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia(University of Manchester, 2024) Bawhab, Omar; Nelson, Adrian; Coleman, Anna; Mahon, AnnThe implementation of large-system transformation in healthcare is complex and multi-faceted, requiring effective leadership at all levels, particularly from senior leaders. However, there is limited conceptual clarity around large-system transformations in healthcare and the roles senior leaders play in driving such transformations, especially in a non-Western context. This thesis addresses these knowledge gaps by exploring senior leaders' perceptions of large-system transformation and their role in its implementation in Saudi Arabia. Using a qualitative single case study design, this research gathered insights from 22 senior leaders at national and regional levels of the Saudi healthcare system through semi-structured interviews. The study employed an inductive-deductive thematic analysis approach, guided by the Health System Dynamics Framework, sensemaking theory, and systems leadership perspectives. Two conceptual frameworks were developed: one delineating ten key components of large-system transformation in healthcare, and another outlining seven critical roles of senior leaders during such transformations, six categories of enablers, and eight types of challenges. The large-system transformation framework highlights the interconnected nature of contextual triggers, climate for change, vision, leadership, governance, actors, resources, processes, social forces (e.g., resistance to change), and information flow. The senior leaders’ roles, enablers, and challenges framework emphasizes leaders' responsibilities in creating a climate for change, communicating and learning, managing resources, engaging stakeholders, setting strategic direction, managing social dynamics, and developing key leadership attributes. The framework also indicates multiple enablers and challenges relevant to the roles of senior leaders, providing a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in healthcare system transformations. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of large-system transformation in healthcare and senior leaders' roles, enablers, and challenges, particularly in a non-Western context. It offers practical implications for healthcare leaders and policymakers engaged in system-wide transformations. Future research directions are suggested to further validate and expand upon these findings.12 0Item Restricted How has Saudi Arabia maintained political stability, monarchical survival and curtailed the traditional patronage system while implementing economic and social reforms under Vision 2030?(The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2024-08) Alenazi, Jenna Hamid; Hertog, SteffenThis dissertation investigates the impact of Saudi Vision 2030's comprehensive socio-economic reforms on the political stability and monarchical survival of Saudi Arabia. By examining specific economic and social reforms, implemented since 2016, it focuses on how these changes have contributed to the monarchy’s resilience. Also, it examines the reforming and curtailment of the traditional patronage system, highlighting how through Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia has developed an updated social contract. Key economic reforms analysed include the introduction of VAT, deregulation of oil and gas prices and the increase in renewable energy. Social reforms include youth unemployment, female labour force participation and housing subsidies. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilising process-tracing to analyse key data from 2016 to early 2024, including GDP growth, labour force participation, unemployment rates and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), supplemented by government documents, to measure the progress, effectiveness and implementation levels of the reforms. The findings reveal that the economic and social reforms under Vision 2030 have mitigated potential political instability through economic diversification, job creation for women and youth and the strategic balancing of austerity measures with compensatory programs. By aligning social reforms with societal expectations and addressing public concerns, the government has demonstrated its capacity to meet modern demands lessening potential for unrest. Furthermore, this study suggests that these reforms, despite curtailing the traditional patronage system, have reinforced the monarchy’s legitimacy. The concept of monarchical survival is used to demonstrate how Saudi’s monarchy has successfully navigated turbulent political, economic and social challenges, ensuring its continued survival in a rapidly changing landscape.7 0Item Restricted Safe Return to Driving after Sustaining Road Traffic Injuries: Driver Assessment and Rehabilitation in Saudi Arabia(Monash University, 2024) Alhashmi, Doha Hassan; Oxley, Jennie; Fossey, Ellie; Lalor, AislinnBackground: In Saudi Arabia, motor vehicle crashes are a major cause of injury and disability. Rehabilitation is essential to reduce the severity and long-term disabilities resulting from road traffic injuries and to ensure successful reintegration of individuals into society. Occupational therapy plays a crucial role in this rehabilitation process. Since the occupational therapy profession is relatively new in Saudi Arabia, this thesis aimed to explore utilising occupational therapy services within post-crash rehabilitation and addressing safe return to driving. It also aimed to identify suitable interventions and policies that could enhance rehabilitation practices in the Saudi context. Methods: This research used a mixed methods approach involving quantitative and qualitative methods. Initially, a systematic review of methods to evaluate at-risk drivers was conducted. This was followed by two complementary studies: a quantitative observational retrospective cohort review and a descriptive qualitative study. The quantitative study used existing registry data from a Saudi major trauma centre. Data for 475 trauma registry patients was analysed using descriptive and regression analyses. Then qualitative semi-structured interviews with 13 occupational therapists explored their perspectives on post-crash rehabilitation practices and assessment of at-risk drivers. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: The systematic review revealed the main approaches used internationally to assess at-risk drivers. Over two-thirds of the reviewed studies used on-road driving performance tests to ii determine driving competence independently or in combination with another method. The quantitative study data revealed that following RTIs, occupational therapy is utilised for several reasons and that the only significant predictor of occupational therapy referral (df=1, p=.049, CI=1.011- 75.27) was combined rehabilitation services use. The qualitative study identified themes highlighting the inaccessibility of post-crash rehabilitation due to multiple factors, including service centralisation and high demand. The rehabilitation pathway was described; there was also a lack of clarity on the occupational therapists’ role among other health professionals. Current limitations of rehabilitation services include insufficient experienced and specialised therapists, the predominance of the biomedical framework and the impairment focus in the current practice. The therapists in this study also reported their lack of knowledge and practical skills for driver assessment and rehabilitation practices, and their need for support and infrastructure to develop this practice area in Saudi Arabia. They also recommended the need for more research and engagement with stakeholders to establish this specialised practice area. Conclusions: This thesis highlighted the current practice challenges for rehabilitation following road traffic injuries in Saudi Arabia and emphasised the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in post-crash care. The thesis advocates a collaborative, participative approach to developing a driver assessment and rehabilitation policy by involving stakeholders, including at-risk drivers, healthcare professionals, and licensing authorities, so as to create a tailored and effective policy for Saudi Arabia. This is a crucial first step toward establishing a safe and sustainable practice framework that can enable therapists to 1) provide needed service to at risk drivers, 2) support at-risk drivers to resume driving safely and have meaningful and fulfilled lives, 3) protect all road users from preventable car crashes, and 4) alleviate the country’s burden from further road traffic injuries.9 0Item Restricted Large-System Transformation in Healthcare and the Roles of Senior Leaders: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia(University of Manchester, 2024) Bawhab, Omar; Nelson, Adrian; Coleman, Anna; Mahon, AnnThe implementation of large-system transformation in healthcare is complex and multi-faceted, requiring effective leadership at all levels, particularly from senior leaders. However, there is limited conceptual clarity around large-system transformations in healthcare and the roles senior leaders play in driving such transformations, especially in a non-Western context. This thesis addresses these knowledge gaps by exploring senior leaders' perceptions of large-system transformation and their role in its implementation in Saudi Arabia. Using a qualitative single case study design, this research gathered insights from 22 senior leaders at national and regional levels of the Saudi healthcare system through semi-structured interviews. The study employed an inductive-deductive thematic analysis approach, guided by the Health System Dynamics Framework, sensemaking theory, and systems leadership perspectives. Two conceptual frameworks were developed: one delineating ten key components of large-system transformation in healthcare, and another outlining seven critical roles of senior leaders during such transformations, six categories of enablers, and eight types of challenges. The large-system transformation framework highlights the interconnected nature of contextual triggers, climate for change, vision, leadership, governance, actors, resources, processes, social forces (e.g., resistance to change), and information flow. The senior leaders’ roles, enablers, and challenges framework emphasizes leaders' responsibilities in creating a climate for change, communicating and learning, managing resources, engaging stakeholders, setting strategic direction, managing social dynamics, and developing key leadership attributes. The framework also indicates multiple enablers and challenges relevant to the roles of senior leaders, providing a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in healthcare system transformations. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of large-system transformation in healthcare and senior leaders' roles, enablers, and challenges, particularly in a non-Western context. It offers practical implications for healthcare leaders and policymakers engaged in system-wide transformations. Future research directions are suggested to further validate and expand upon these findings.9 0Item Restricted The Effect of Incremental Rehearsal on Word Recognition of Students with Learning Disabilities in Saudi Arabia(The Ohio State University, 2024) Aljufayr, Mohammed Abdullah; Paul, Peter VWord recognition is a key part of reading development and a fundamental component of elementary reading curricula. However, students with learning disabilities (LD) often encounter difficulties with reading skills and exhibit deficits in word recognition, increasing the need for interventions that enhance their reading achievement. Incremental rehearsal (IR), one of the most commonly used flashcard interventions supported by previous literature, has shown its effectiveness in different skills, such as word recognition. IR offers opportunities for repeated practices to help struggling students improve their outcomes. Despite the growing number of students with LD in Saudi Arabia, there is a lack of research examining the efficacy of interventions designed to improve reading outcomes, specifically word recognition, in students with LD in elementary schools. Thus, conducting an empirical study to teach Arabic word recognition to elementary students with LD in Saudi Arabia is crucial. Utilizing a single-subject multiple-probe experimental design across word sets, this study aimed to examine the effect of the IR intervention on Arabic word recognition in three fourth-grade male students with LD in Saudi Arabia. Maintenance and generalization of word recognition were also examined to investigate the sustainability of the IR intervention and to provide more precise conclusions regarding its efficacy. Results indicated that the IR intervention was effective for all three participants. All participants showed an increased number of words read correctly, accurate responses on retention measures, and maintenance and generalization of word recognition. Limitations, recommendations for future research, and implications for practice are discussed.9 0Item Restricted The impact of economic diversification under Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 on its GDP(University of Essex, 2024-09) Aleidan, Abdulaziz Ahmed Abdullah; Sefiloglu, OnurThis study explores the impact of economic diversification initiatives under Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 on the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Launched in 2016, Vision 2030 aims to reduce Saudi Arabia's reliance on oil by diversifying its economic base through the development of non-oil sectors such as manufacturing, energy, and services. This research utilizes data from the General Authority for Statistics, spanning from 2011 to 2023, to assess changes in the GDP composition and growth patterns. Additionally, it incorporates comparative data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for other GCC countries to evaluate Saudi Arabia's performance relative to its regional peers. Employing a comprehensive econometric analysis, which includes multiple regression models and this comparative perspective, the study examines the contributions of various sectors to GDP growth and evaluates the effectiveness of the government's strategic policies in facilitating economic diversification. The findings indicate that non-oil sectors have increasingly contributed to GDP, with manufacturing emerging as a key driver, thus highlighting a successful shift towards a more diversified economic structure. This shift has significant implications for other oil-dependent economies considering similar diversification strategies11 0Item Restricted Dissertation Project - Design and deployment of an atmospheric pollutant and Carbon Dioxide capture system(Lancaster University, 2024-08-30) Kutbi, Yahia; Pinkerton, AndrewThis contribution report documents the individual efforts in the Design and Deployment of an atmospheric pollutant and Carbon Dioxide Capture System Project, which focuses on developing a carbon capture system that supports the Electromagnetic Plasma Separator (EMPS). The contributions primarily involved the technical selection of components for the air intake system. Specifically, key components such as the air intake fan, pre-filters, atmospheric sensor, and flow rate sensors, were selected, ensuring that the components met the system requirements. Additionally, analysing pollutant levels and CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia to justify the region as a strategic location for deployment, based on this analysis, deployment strategies were developed. Furthermore, comprehensive market research was conducted to identify potential investors and buyers in Saudi Arabia as well as esmang the global market size and demand of such technologies. On the project management side, the contributions included the development of the Product Breakdown Structure (PBS), Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), the Risk Management Plan, WBS Dictionary, and the ‘Control’ Secon of the group management report that includes key events, actual Gan-chart, updated milestones chart, actual PBS/WBS, and lessons learned. These elements were crucial in organizing the project's tasks, managing potential risks, and ensuring systemac progress. This report provides an in-depth look at the methodologies, findings, and their impact on achieving the project’s objectives, highlighting the significance of the individual contributions in both technical and management group reports.16 0Item Restricted Exploring the Role of Instagram Content in Developing Destination Image(Oxford Brookes University, 2023-09) Alshuaibi, Lama; Clarke, JackieThis project looks into the impact that the social media platform Instagram may have on destination image (DI). To explore this problem, 104 respondents were surveyed using an original tool developed on the basis of DI theory by Gartner et al. (1993). This work’s findings indicate that consistent engagement with Instagram channels and content affects all of the three studied dimensions of DI: cognitive, affective and conative. Performed regression analysis shows a strong relationship between DI and the intention to visit Saudi Arabia (B=0.123, p=0.000, explaining 49.2% of the variance in the intention to visit). Furthermore, findings show that using Instagram as a source of information about Saudi Arabia improves perceptions of the cognitive aspects of DI (B=1.435, p =0.000, 15.2% of the variance in cognitive perceptions explained). There is also a significant relationship between Instagram usage and the affective dimension of DI (B=0.893, p=0.001, 10.1% of the variance in the affective aspect explained). These results indicate that exposure to Instagram content positively affects emotional responses towards Saudi Arabia. Consideration of various demographic characteristics suggests that females and individuals with a higher level of income are more likely to be positively influenced by the images and stories they see on Instagram and take action to travel to Saudi Arabia. The work presents and discusses the implications of using Instagram as a part of the overall strategy to enhance and shape Saudi Arabia’s DI by the local destination management organisations and other important stakeholders.11 0Item Restricted A Scholarly Analysis of Inside Trading as Unethical Behavior within Securities Law: A Comparative Study of the United States and Saudi Arabia(Washington University School of Law, 2024) Alotaibi, Mamdouh Mohammed; Geest, Gerrit DeThis dissertation is purposed to embark on an in-depth comparative scrutiny of the legal approach towards inside trading in both Saudi Arabia and the United States. It aims to offer a comprehensive analysis encompassing the evolution of inside trading legislation historically, the present-day enforcement mechanisms, the punitive measures in place, and potential enhancements to better the existing legal structures. The first chapter provides a historical overview, comparing the evolution of inside trading laws in both jurisdictions. It scrutinizes the evolution of the Saudi Securities Law, with a particular focus on inside trading, from the establishment of the Saudi Company Act in 1965 to its current form. Concurrently, it explores the development of inside trading laws in the United States from the early 1900s to the present day. A comprehensive investigation of both Saudi and American legal systems identifies historical deficiencies in Saudi Arabia's inside trading regulations. This comparative analysis serves as a foundation for discussions in later chapters on how the Saudi Capital Market Law (CML) could potentially benefit from incorporating aspects of American inside trading legislation and policy. The dissertation then proceeds to address the materiality of non-public information, a pivotal concept in inside trading law. Examining the ambiguities and complexities inherent in defining and categorizing insiders, it investigates the implications these challenges have on investing and trading within stock markets. The lack of public access to substantial information is identified as a fundamental challenge, driving the necessity for effective regulations to ensure fair trading practices. Subsequently, the dissertation delves into a comparative analysis of disclosure forms and inside trading loopholes within the CML and the United States. Emphasizing the role of disclosure 10 in deterring inside trading and keeping the market informed, it outlines the importance of disclosure rules in maintaining market efficiency. A critical evaluation of these rules within Saudi and U.S. legal contexts provides insights into potential improvements that could increase transparency and reduce opportunities for inside trading in Saudi Arabia. The next major area of investigation focuses on the enforcement of laws pertaining to inside trading and the associated criminal and civil penalties. It comprehensively reviews CML's enforcement procedures, detection methods, and penalties imposed on inside trading offenses. This analysis further explores the penalties and enforcement mechanisms employed by the U.S. to combat insider trading, including the whistleblower program. It critically evaluates the effectiveness of these measures, both within the U.S. and globally, offering insights into the challenges of enforcing insider trading laws and potential solutions under CML.15 0Item Restricted Unveiling the Digital Divide: Public and Private Spaces on Social Media in the Saudi Context(La Trobe University, 2024-05) Bahabri, Alaa Sultan; Bahfen, Nasya; McCarthy, BrigidThe emergence of social media has significantly altered the traditional boundaries between public and private, creating blurred spaces. As users around the world navigate these novel spaces, considerable research shows that they utilise various strategies to manage public and private. In the Saudi context, previous studies have shown that Saudis – influenced by Islamic privacy norms– tend to strictly segregate public and private spaces on social media using several strategies. Nonetheless, much of this research has primarily focused on users, with little attention paid to the influence of digital elements. This study investigates a common strategy of navigating public and private in the Saudi context, which is the segregation of public and private spaces across platforms. The study takes into account the influence of the platform’s interface and affordances. The study was conducted through three phases of data collection and analysis. The first phase involved analysing social media platforms using a digital ethnography approach; the walkthrough methodology to demonstrate the platform’s interface and affordances of public and private space. The second phase focused on investigating users’ perspectives and behaviours related to public and private spaces across platforms using a questionnaire and interviews. Lastly, the third phase delved deeper into specific public and private spaces identified during the earlier phases through in-depth interviews and further analysis the online social norms of public and private space. This study argues that, as social media platforms blur the boundaries between public and private, the proliferation of social media has led Saudi users to heavily rely on segregating public and private spaces across these platforms, taking into account each platform's interface and affordances. This segregation reflects the Islamic notion of privacy, and it allowed users to reflect and facilitate their culture and social norms in the online space. The findings revealed that Saudis preferred platforms with default public or default private design, while they negotiate semi-public platforms. Twitter was favoured as a public space due to its default public interface design, while Snapchat’s was favoured as a private space. Conversely, Facebook’s semi-public nature was rejected due to perceived openness, leading to its designation as a niche network among Saudis. Instagram’s semi-public space was also negotiated and was used as a functional platform. Finally, TikTok was rejected due to the perception that it is not culturally appropriate. 5 Further analysis examined the social norms on Twitter and Snapchat, highlighting the differences in public and private interactions. The study found Twitter users exhibited cautious behaviour due to its public interface design, and presented a collective self, with either a serious or professional personas. In contrast, Snapchat provided a unique dynamic, particularly as older users were present on the platform, leading young users to create a more closed private space that differed from offline private circles. Overall, this research underscores the intricate interplay of culture, technology, and user behaviour in shaping Saudi Arabia’s digital landscape, emphasising the importance of considering both the cultural values and digital environments in understanding these dynamics for effective platform design and policymaking.14 0