Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Impact of public sector privatization in Saudi Arabia: An Economic Perspective(university of essex, 2024-09-06) Alnafisah, Abdulrahman; Zhang, KaiThis paper examines the economic impact of privatization in Saudi Arabia, focusing on key sectors such as energy, telecommunications, transportation, healthcare, and education within the framework of the Vision 2030 initiative. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of GDP contributions, employment trends, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows with qualitative assessments of sector-specific outcomes. The findings reveal that privatization has led to significant improvements in efficiency, innovation, and global competitiveness across various sectors, contributing to the Kingdom's broader economic diversification goals. Notably, the analysis shows a substantial increase in FDI inflows, particularly in sectors like transportation, manufacturing, and trade, indicating that privatization has made Saudi Arabia a more attractive destination for global investors. However, challenges such as job displacement, market concentration, and potential social inequalities have also emerged, highlighting the need for robust regulatory frameworks and careful management to ensure equitable growth. The paper concludes that while privatization has largely succeeded in reducing the government's economic role and fostering private sector development, ongoing efforts to balance economic efficiency with social equity will be critical for the long-term success of Saudi Arabia's economic transformation under Vision 2030.11 0Item Restricted Challenges impacting market access to CGTs and evaluation of the potential strategies(King's College London, 2024) Bogari, Mustafa; Green, NathanaelCell and gene therapies are advanced therapies which offer valuable potentially curative treatments with well-established clinical efficacy and safety. However, there are cases where these advanced therapies have setbacks in market access with some treatments being commercially roadblocked due to challenges. A scoping analysis of literature, stakeholder interviews, and survey data were used to identify and substantiate the critical challenges and potential strategies relating to market access of these therapies. The findings of the three methodologies were compared and combined to signify each challenge and strategy. There were some differences between the findings, but the main trend was that social and economic factors are responsible for the market access setbacks. Several strategies were assessed in their potential to address the market access issues especially in relation to combatting specific challenges. Outcome-based payment plans have been used often to improve market access; however, the high costs still outweigh this plan significantly. Various other strategies have been proposed to enhance market access for CGTs. These include improving manufacturing processes to reduce costs, utilizing conditional approvals to expedite access while gathering further clinical evidence, and encouraging use. The effectiveness of these strategies varies, and their successful implementation often depends on the significance of the specific challenges they act against. Strategies are intended for implementation and further enhancing to eventually minimize market access challenges and facilitate these groundbreaking treatments to the patients in need.11 0Item Restricted THE METAVERSE’S POTENTIAL TO REVITALISE HERITAGE TOURISM IN SAUDI ARABIA(Bournemouth University, 2024) Basri, Abdullah; Buhalis, DimitriosThis study aimed to assess the viability of the metaverse to revamp heritage tourism in Saudi Arabia. This aim was met through the fulfilment of five main objectives, including determining the impact of metaverse on heritage tourism in Saudi Arabia; evaluating its social and economic effects on heritage tourism and local communities; assessing its economic implications on tourism, revenue generation, and employment opportunities; identifying the main obstacles posed by metaverse tourism; and identifying the challenges and opportunities associated with metaverse tourism in a global context. A mixed-methods research methodology was adopted to synthesise in-depth evidence about the likelihood of metaverse revitalising heritage tourism in Saudi Arabia. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected and integrated from a sample of 57 participants, comprised of technology experts, heritage site managers, and tourists. Primary data was collected using semi structured interviews and structured questionnaires, and secondary data was obtained from statistical sites and reports on the economic viability of the metaverse. The findings demonstrate the critical role of the metaverse in revitalising heritage tourism in Saudi Arabia. A clear majority of participants believed that the metaverse is an effective tool for revolutionising heritage tourism and that it is easier to visit virtual heritage sites on the metaverse than physical sites. Responses associated the metaverse with the potential to democratise access to heritage sites and grow the tourism sector overall, which is in line with the secondary data and financial projections. Concerns about the technology’s low rate of adoption and its potential to disrupt the traditional tourism economy were also raised. Nevertheless, the results of the study revealed that with careful planning, metaverse technology has the potential to revolutionise Saudi Arabian heritage tourism. Keywords: Metaverse, heritage, tourism revitalising, tourism, virtual, economic, social, opportunities, challenges, tourists, inclusivity.53 0Item Restricted Investigating the Attitude of the Residents of Riyadh Towards the Economic Socio-Cultural Aspects and Environmental Impact Of Tourism(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-07-17) Albalawi, Thamer; Philip, RylandThe thesis investigates the attitude of the residents of Riyadh towards the economic sociocultural aspects and environmental impact of tourism. Tourism is one of the essential factors in Middle East countries because of its unique attractions, cultural heritage, and virgin landscape. In 2019 the Royal Government formally announced about issuing tourist visa to the visitor countries in nominal price (80 USD). These benefits are available from tourists from China, the UK, and The USA among other countries according to the Arab News, (2019). There is a huge consumer base for the travel companies that involve rise of tourism in Riyadh where the culture is diversified. The aim of the research is to critically explore the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impact of tourism on the city of Riyadh and the local residents. By deriving survey questions, the research objectives are fulfilled in this thesis. The thesis follows primary data analysis where the responses of the survey are evaluated. There are several statistical data analyses done in this case where regression analysis is also conducted. The visualisation of the data helps in critically investigating the attitude of Riyadh’s residents towards the economic and socio-cultural as well as environmental impact of tourism. The descriptive analysis is also conducted to describe and understand the data well. By following ethical considerations of the research, the paper is conducted with primary data analysis method. It is essential to involve the local people in decision-making processes in order to ensure sustainable tourist practises. Residents' participation can assist in addressing their issues and advancing a tourism economy that benefits both visitors and locals.27 0Item Restricted The inadequacy of compliance theory: A case study of Saudi Arabia and TRIPS(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-05-25) Alsaeed, Omar; Alattar, MohsenInnovation and emerging technologies continue to drive the marketplace and global economy, increasing the convergence of international companies working with each other and necessitating the negotiation and adoption of new legal agreements between states. International trade law has sought to maintain the integrity of the global market by protecting intellectual property (“IP”) and establishing international agreements, including the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS”), that ensure the protection of IP rights and related rights at the international level. Compliance with such agreements has been the subject of considerable debate among legal scholars, many of whom wrestle with binary frameworks that depict states as either compliant or non-compliant. This study investigates one international actor, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (“the KSA” or “the Kingdom”), and the factors that govern the extent of its compliance with international legal agreements, and particularly with TRIPS. Adopting a library-based, qualitative analytical approach, this thesis discusses the lack of consensus over the relationship between compliance and implementation and the absence of a suitable theory that examines compliance comprehensively. First, a distinction is drawn between the KSA’s implementation of TRIPS and its compliance therewith, and the gap between the two is assessed. Next, through a critique of various theories of compliance, the challenges it presents even for those states that wish to comply are considered. Finally, Jacobson and Weiss’s comprehensive model of compliance is applied to the case of the KSA to develop a deeper understanding of the Kingdom’s complex relationship with TRIPS and with international legal agreements generally. The findings suggest that scholars may be better served by a sliding scale model as opposed to the widely practised binary model.38 0