Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Powerful CEOs and Firm Risk Dynamics During Crises: Insights from Environmental Practices - An International Study(University of Southampton, 2024-07) Aldawsari, Hamad; Choudhry, Taufiq; Baloch, SaadThe first paper investigates the relationship between CEO power and firm risk at the onset of the global financial crisis 2007 and the COVID-19 pandemic health crisis 2020. An international sample of publicly listed firms in the G7 nations between 2006 and 2021 shows that CEOs with greater power are exposed to higher risk than firms led by CEOs with lesser power. The result is primarily driven by the impact of CEO power on idiosyncratic risk rather than systematic risk. Further, we found that powerful CEOs tend to be more cautious and conservative during crises, as seen in the pandemic, where the positive power–risk relationship is less pronounced. Nevertheless, the power–risk relationship remains unchanged during the more familiar financial crisis. This study has important implications for firms, investors, regulators, and policymakers. The second paper examines how CEO power affects firm tail risks globally and whether such an effect varies during crisis periods by examining a sample of 12,761 firm-year observations from G7 nations from 2006 to 2021. Based on the difference-in-difference (DiD) model, it is shown that CEOs with greater power and control over the company maintain the exercise of their power similarly during regular and difficult operating periods. Furthermore, the findings are mainly driven by non-financial firms and firms with low R&D expenditure, indicating their risk-taking capacity. Thus, we find that companies with more powerful CEOs are exposed to higher tail risks than those with less powerful CEOs. This holds for both idiosyncratic and systematic tail risk. During crises such as the financial crisis of 2007 and the recent COVID pandemic, the impact of CEO power on tail risk remains relatively unchanged. Our research provides valuable insights for policymakers, investors, regulators, and firms, including CEOs, to better manage risks in the future. The third paper investigates the influence of CEO power on corporate stock price crash risk in an international setting, alongside the moderating impacts of corporate environmental practices on such a relationship. Two environmental practices are examined: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG-13 supporting climate action). Analysing data from publicly listed firms in the G7 nations from 2006 to 2021, we discover that firms led by more powerful CEOs are generally exposed to lower crash risks. Additionally, we found that companies implementing more robust environmentally friendly practices, particularly supporting climate actions SDG-13, see a further reduced crash risk. This pattern is especially evident in non-crisis periods, non-financial firms and firms with high environmental and social (ES) scores, i.e., CSR performance. The findings are assured by various robustness tests using alternative estimation models, alternative measures, and additional tests.26 0Item Restricted Does Environmental, social, and governance disclosure moderate gender diversity - Tax avoidance Nexus?(University of Southampton, 2023) Altamimi, Jalilah; Sha'venThe aim of this study is to explore the relationship between Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure, board gender diversity (BGD), and tax avoidance. The findings indicate that having female directors on boards improves ESG disclosure and decreases tax avoidance. In particular, this study aims to empirically investigate how ESG affects the relationship between BGD and tax avoidance. This study investigates a panel dataset comprising 350 UK-listed firms from 2013 to 2022. The findings show that in companies where ESG disclosure is more aligned with GRI guidelines, the negative correlation between tax avoidance and gender board diversity is stronger. The findings indicate that implementing gender quotas for directors can lead to a decrease in tax avoidance and an increase in a company's focus on ESG disclosure, ultimately enhancing the company's reputation.16 0Item Restricted Food supply chain in terms of sustainability(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-21) Alselwly, Fahad Eid A; Pagano, RosaneThis thesis examines the issues and solutions related to environmental protection, social justice, and economic viability in the context of food supply chains and their pursuit of sustainability. The main purpose is to improve the long-term viability of the supply chain via the implementation of strategic goals. This study does a comprehensive literature analysis to draw together findings from many sources into a unified narrative that tackles the multifaceted issue of food supply chain sustainability. Thematic analysis is used in this investigation to glean overarching themes from many lines of inquiry. It provides a thorough analysis of the methods used in previous studies, pointing out their benefits, drawbacks, and applicability to new situations. The study reveals a web of environmental, social, and economic obstacles and potential for strengthening food supply chain sustainability. Synthesising findings from several research emphasises the importance of holistic approaches, methodological improvements, and stakeholder involvement in bringing about revolutionary shifts. The evidence-based suggestions provide a useful road map for various actors to implement sustainable procurement, push for legislative reforms, and participate in collaborative industry platforms, all of which will lead to significant changes that will make the future more resilient and equitable.24 0Item Restricted Integrated Risk Management for Landfill Projects: Qualitative Assessment and Mitigation of Risks(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-10-11) Alghamdi, Abdullah; Khamkham, MohamedThis research explores the development of an Integrated Risk Management Framework for Landfill Projects, with a focus on identifying, assessing, and mitigating geotechnical, environmental, and regulatory risks. The research is grounded in the recognition of the complex challenges faced by landfill operators and project managers, as well as the need for context-specific risk assessments and mitigation strategies. The study sets forth four key objectives: systematic identification and analysis of distinct landfill-related risks, formulation of a flexible risk assessment methodology incorporating local variables, crafting targeted risk mitigation strategies, and rigorous evaluation of the framework's practicality through stakeholder interviews. The study adopts a phenomenological approach, conducting in-depth interviews with key stakeholders from renowned UK-based landfill project companies. The data analysis involves thematic coding to extract valuable insights. The research findings highlight key emerged themes include a nuanced understanding of geotechnical, environmental, and regulatory risks, the importance of context-specific risk assessment methodologies, the significance of locally adapted risk mitigation strategies, and the practical validation of the framework through stakeholder insights. Ultimately, this research contributes to enhancing the quality and sustainability of landfill projects, aligning with responsible waste management and environmental protection goals.12 0