Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/10
Browse
3 results
Search Results
Item Restricted Comparing the Effectiveness of MRI-Guided Versus Ultrasound-Guided Biopsies in the Detection of Prostate Cancer(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-23) Alrashidi, Muteb; Nabi, GhulamObjective: Through a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis, this research sought to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MRI-guided prostate biopsies and ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies in the detection of prostate cancer. The research questions examined whether MRI-guided targeted biopsies improve detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and overall prostate cancer in comparison to ultrasound-guided biopsies. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was designed and conducted across multiple databases up to April 10, 2023, to identify relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2019 and 2023. RCTs comparing MRI-guided targeted biopsy to ultrasound-guided systematic or cognitive biopsy were included. Outcomes analysed were rates of csPCa detection and overall prostate cancer detection. The calculation of pooled odds ratios was performed using fixed-effects models for data that showed homogeneity and random-effects models for data that exhibited heterogeneity. The assessment of bias was conducted via the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Results: Five RCTs with 1590 participants were included. A meta-analysis of three studies (n = 654) found MRI-guided biopsy significantly increased overall prostate cancer detection compared to ultrasound-guided biopsy (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.40–2.68, p<0.0001). However, for csPCa detection specifically, MRI-guided biopsy showed a non-significant improvement over ultrasound-guided biopsy (OR 1.72, 95% CI 0.99–3.00, p = 0.06) based on three studies. Significant heterogeneity was present for csPCa detection (I² = 56%). Conclusion: MRI-guided targeted biopsy appears to improve overall prostate cancer detection versus ultrasound-guided approaches. However, evidence remains inconclusive regarding its advantages for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer specifically. Additional high-quality RCTs are needed to clarify the comparative accuracy of these biopsy techniques for csPCa detection.23 0Item Restricted Transrectal Ultrasound guided biopsies of prostate for the detection of prostate cancer: outcomes and complications(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-08-23) Ghafra, Ebtehag; Ghulam, NabiObjective: To report clinical outcomes and complications of prostate biopsies guided by transrectal ultrasound for cancer detection. In addition to reporting the predictive value of clinical features for a negative biopsy for patients with elevated (PSA) levels across various age cohorts. Methods: This was a prospective study. Between 1st of January and 30th of June 2021, 200 individuals had transrectal ultrasound-guided or transperineal prostate biopsies. Patient characteristics (age, PSA level) were recorded through medical records. We also determined whether biopsy samples were cancerous or benign, their complications, and treatments. 186 patients with complete data were included. 14 patients with incomplete data were excluded. In addition, reported the predictive value by using a nomogram for a negative biopsy for patients with elevated (PSA) levels across various age cohorts. Results: 186 transrectal ultrasound-guided and transperineal (TP)biopsies were performed. There were 116 positive biopsy (cancers) (80.55%) in transrectal group and 35 (83.33%) in transperineal group. There were 28 negative biopsy (benign) (19.4%) in transrectal group and 7(16.66%) in transperineal group. Age differences between the groups were not statistically significant. PSA testing showed a significant difference (p value 0.01). There 9 cases where complications were recorded. There were 8 (5.55%) cases where complications were recorded in transrectal group and 9 (21.42%) in transperineal group. The prediction by a nomogram and assessment studies also reveals that predicting a benign biopsy is difficult when PSA levels reach 4 across all the age groups. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the results of prostate biopsies (PB) showed good detection rate for cancers. The results revealed that the number of biopsy complications is generally low and that TRUS may be safer than TP. In addition, the findings from the prediction by a nomogram and assessment analyses suggest that nomogram accurately predicted benign results when PSA was less than 4.13 0Item Restricted THE ANTIPROLIFERA TIVE AND APOPTOTIC EFFECTS OF ANNONA MURICATA EXTRACT ON PROSTATE CANCER CELLS(Saudi Digital Library, 2016-03-15) Bogis, Ahlam Mukhtar; Pino-Figueroa, AlejandroAnnona muricata (AM), a tropical evergreen tree, also known as graviola, guanabana or soursop, belongs to the custard apple tree family known as the Annonaceae. It has become known as a "cancer killer" due to its ability to reduce the proliferation of 12 different types of tumors, including breast, prostate, lung, colon and pancreatic cancers. The major phytochemical compounds that have been identified in AM are cyclic hexapeptides and annonaceous acetogenins (AAGs). The AAGs have been reported to have promising anticancer activities in multidrug resistant cancers (MOR). 10• 11 The structures of AA Gs are comprised of adjacent tetrahydrofuranic rings flanked by hydroxyl groups and tetrahydropyranic rings or epoxides. In previous studies AA Gs have been demonstrated to inhibit the ubiquinone-linked NADH oxidase that is constitutively overexpressed in the membranes of cancer cells, but which is only transiently expressed in normal cells. This event could potentially activate the apoptotic cascade. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of the AM extracts on prostate cancer cells (PC3). The PC3 cells were treated with methanol extract (ME), aqueous fraction (WF), and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of AM (l-100 μg/mL). A cell viability assay utilizing 3-( 4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5- (3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-( 4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) was performed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects. The results demonstrated that EAF results in a significant reduction in cell viability after 24 h (ICso 14.02 ± 1.14 μg/mL). Caspase 3/7 activities were also tested to verify activation of caspases. The activities of caspase 3/7 were significantly elevated 3 h after treatment with IO μg/mL of EAF. Furthermore, PC3 cells exposed to EAF were tested for Bcl-2 and Bax, the regulatory proteins involved in apoptosis, by Western Blot. EAF caused a significant reduction in the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 but had no effect on the expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax. Moreover, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly increased after PC3 cells were treated with 30 μg/mL of EAF. These results suggested that the EAF reduces cell proliferation and/or causes cell death in PC3 cells by the induction of apoptosis. Further studies will confirm the application of these plant constituents in cancer therapy.19 0