Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Assessing Financial Risk Exposure in Saudi Healthcare Institutions under Vision 2030(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alduwaihi, Lulwah; Kanungo, RamaThis study explores how Saudi hospitals disclose and govern financial risks in light of Vision 2030 reforms. Using qualitative document analysis and the READ framework, 51 public and private hospital reports from 2022–2024 were examined. Results show that disclosures focused narrowly on liquidity and reimbursement risks, with critical risks like fraud or capital loss rarely mentioned. Private hospitals offered more detailed reporting, but often avoided sensitive disclosures. Public hospitals either lacked reports or reused generic templates, reflecting weak governance practices. Most institutions failed to disclose formal oversight structures, such as audit committees or risk stress-testing, these gaps in financial transparency and governance conflict with the accountability goals of Vision 2030. The study concludes that effective financial risk governance remains underdeveloped, especially in public hospitals, and calls for stronger regulatory enforcement and future research into internal governance practices.13 0Item Restricted The Role of Blockchain Technology in Enhancing Transparency in Government Procurements in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Baajajah, khadijh; Christidis, ArisPublic procurement is one of the most legally significant spheres of state activity. It accounts for a substantial proportion of public expenditure and serves as a central mechanism through which governments deliver goods, services and infrastructure. Beyond its fiscal importance, procurement is also a governance tool, as it directly shapes public trust in state institutions and serves as a benchmark for accountability and integrity. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, procurement reform has been elevated as a cornerstone of Vision 2030, the country’s national strategy for socioeconomic transformation. A well-functioning procurement system is considered essential to achieving transparency, accountability and efficiency in public resource management, thereby supporting both fiscal discipline and governance modernisation. Within this framework, the Government Tenders and Procurement Law (GTPL) provides the principal legal architecture for regulating tendering and contracting. Its objectives include securing value for public funds, promoting fair competition, ensuring equal opportunities for bidders and embedding transparency across all stages of the procurement cycle. Transparency, in particular, is the decisive principle: it is recognised internationally – through instruments such as the World Trade Organization Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Public Procurement and the recommendations of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) – as the primary safeguard against corruption and the precondition for fair competition and accountability. Weaknesses in transparency create systemic vulnerabilities that can be exploited for corrupt practices, a challenge Saudi Arabia has sought to address through legislative reform and international cooperation. However, despite these advances, Saudi procurement processes continue to face practical and institutional challenges. Gaps in consistency, oversight and accessibility risk undermining fiscal stability and public trust. These concerns are especially acute given their implications for alignment with Vision 2030, which expressly prioritises procurement reform, digitalisation and integrity in public administration as foundations of sustainable development. Against this backdrop, the integration of blockchain technology has emerged as a potential mechanism for strengthening transparency in procurement. It is increasingly viewed as a tool that could mitigate entrenched risks and foster greater accountability. Yet, the technology also raises unresolved legal questions that require careful regulatory consideration. Therefore, this research examines the impact of blockchain technology on enhancing transparency within Saudi Arabia’s procurement framework by analysing the GTPL and related regulations and then identifying structural gaps and practical vulnerabilities and assessing how blockchain may be leveraged to address them. The paper further argues that Saudi Arabia’s digital maturity and reform trajectory position the Kingdom as a particularly significant case study for exploring how emerging technologies may be embedded into procurement law and governance. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, no dedicated legal scholarship in Saudi Arabia has examined blockchain technology’s potential to enhance transparency within the framework of the GTPL. Although the principles of procurement transparency and integrity have been extensively addressed in the international literature and blockchain’s application to procurement has been analysed in other jurisdictions, Saudi legal research has not yet explored this intersection. Thus, the current study contributes to domestic legal discourse by situating blockchain within the Kingdom’s procurement framework while also adding to comparative scholarship by examining an under-researched jurisdiction and offering insights relevant to both national reform and the broader development of international procurement governance.24 0Item Restricted The Impact of Governance Factors on Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Analysis of GCC Countries and Spillover Effects on Regional Economic Development(The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2025) Alfehaid, Khaled; Parmigiani, AlbertoThis dissertation investigates the impact of governance quality on economic growth in Saudi Arabia and address the gap in understanding how governance quality shapes economic outcomes in Saudi Arabia and GCC region. It also conducts a comparative analysis of the governance environment across Gulf Cooperation Council countries, evaluating regional governance spillover and its impact on Saudi Arabia’s economic growth. Recognizing governance as a multi-dimensional concept that encompasses institutional and political factors, this study applies principal component analysis (PCA) to governance indices, employing it as a tool in a multi-regression equation. Given that most of these world governance indicators (WGI) are highly correlated, the PCA method is optimal. Data were collected between 1996 and 2023 (19 observations per country due to missing values). The findings reveal that institutional governance indicators, such as government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and rule of law significantly impact Saudi Arabia's economic performance. However, their association with growth is sometimes negative, potentially reflecting time lags, governance improvements, or the dominance of oil-based, state-led economic development. A comparative analysis of GCC nations highlights significant disparity in governance quality. For example, the UAE and Qatar lead in terms of institutional performance. However, political governance, particularly voice and accountability, remains a consistently weak dimension of governance across the region. Notably, the study identified significant negative spillover effects from improved governance in neighboring countries such as the UAE and Qatar, which could negatively impact the economic growth of Saudi Arabia. Conversely, positive spillover was observed from the countries with aligned institutional frameworks, such as Kuwait and Bahrain. These results demonstrate the complex dynamics of governance in GCC countries and underscore the need for regional policy coordination to mitigate adverse competitive spillover to promote inclusive economic development in the whole region.40 0Item Restricted How social media influencers' expertise and transparency of sponsorship disclosures affect destination visit intentions / Travel and tourism industry(Kings College London, 2022) Alkatheri, Alanoud; Bernritter, StefanAbstract The use of influencer marketing has become increasingly prevalent among marketers and organizations in order to reach potential customers across a wide range of industries. This study aims to fill the gap of previous studies by investigating the effects of transparency in sponsorship disclosures and determining whether influencer expertise has a moderating effect on perceived trustworthiness and measuring the impact on destination visit intentions in the travel and tourism industry. This research uses a 2 (low transparency sponsorship disclosure vs. high transparency sponsorship disclosure) x 2 (low expertise vs. high expertise) in the form of an online experiment design conducted on social media users. This study applied a quantitative approach and a total of 227 participants completed an online questionnaire which was applied to test the framework for the study The analytical results show that high transparency has a significant effect on visit intention, however, it has a negative effect on the influencer’s perceived trustworthiness. Moreover, perceived trustworthiness from influencers significantly affects consumers’ visit intention. However, the results of the study show that there is no moderation effect for expertise in the relationship between transparency and perceived trustworthiness, nor mediation effect of perceived trustworthiness in the relationship between transparency and visit intention. This series of findings not only enrich the existing research on influencer marketing in the field of travel and tourism but also have meaningful practical implications for marketers, which they can use to boost the intention of visits and buying behavior among social media users.29 0Item Restricted How social media influencers' expertise and transparency of sponsorship disclosures affect destination visit intentions(king's college london, 2022) Alkatheri, Alanoud Abduallah; Bernritter, StefanAbstract The use of influencer marketing has become increasingly prevalent among marketers and organizations in order to reach potential customers across a wide range of industries. This study aims to fill the gap of previous studies by investigating the effects of transparency in sponsorship disclosures and determining whether influencer expertise has a moderating effect on perceived trustworthiness and measuring the impact on destination visit intentions in the travel and tourism industry. This research uses a 2 (low transparency sponsorship disclosure vs. high transparency sponsorship disclosure) x 2 (low expertise vs. high expertise) in the form of an online experiment design conducted on social media users. This study applied a quantitative approach and a total of 227 participants completed an online questionnaire which was applied to test the framework for the study The analytical results show that high transparency has a significant effect on visit intention, however, it has a negative effect on the influencer’s perceived trustworthiness. Moreover, perceived trustworthiness from influencers significantly affects consumers’ visit intention. However, the results of the study show that there is no moderation effect for expertise in the relationship between transparency and perceived trustworthiness, nor mediation effect of perceived trustworthiness in the relationship between transparency and visit intention. This series of findings not only enrich the existing research on influencer marketing in the field of travel and tourism but also have meaningful practical implications for marketers, which they can use to boost the intention of visits and buying behavior among social media users.22 0Item Restricted Impact of Mandatory ESG Disclosures on Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) Activities(University of Sussex, 2024-09) Alzahrani, Renad; Zhang, QiyuThis dissertation examines the impact of mandatory Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activities across 33 countries from 1996 to 2023. The research aims to determine whether these disclosures influence cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) and market reactions during M&A announcements. Utilizing a panel dataset and high-dimensional fixed-effects regression models, the dissertation tests two hypotheses: that mandatory ESG disclosures positively affect CAR, and that market reactions differ between downstream and upstream acquisitions. The findings reveal no significant impact of ESG disclosures on CAR or market reactions, indicating limited short-term financial effects. The dissertation suggests further research into regional and cultural factors and the long-term strategic benefits of ESG integration in M&A.54 0Item Restricted The Impact of Procurement Practices on Supplier Relationships in Small Retail Businesses(University of Strathclyde, 2024-02-06) Alduhaim, Meshari; Mendibil, KepaThis study investigates the impact of procurement practices on supplier relationship management within small retail businesses in the United Kingdom. A thematic analysis of relevant literature provides a comprehensive overview of various themes in the study, including supplier relationship management, contemporary procurement practices, attributes and challenges associated with current procurement practices, and how procurement practices affect supplier loyalty and satisfaction. According to the findings, sustainable procurement practices in small retail businesses can enhance their reputations, attract environmentally conscious customers, and support sustainable development. Small retailers must, however, deal with challenges such as increased costs and limited suppliers who are environmentally friendly. The recommendations include improving supplier collaboration, implementing flexible and responsive supply chain processes, and prioritizing cost negotiations, transparency, integrity, and accountability. A future study should focus on gathering primary data from surveys or interviews, exploring the influence of government policies, cultural differences, and technology on procurement practices, and examining the long-term effects of sustainable procurement practices on small retail businesses.25 0Item Restricted Transparency & Risk-Taking in Banking Governance From A Legal Perspective: A Comparative Study Between Islamic Banking Law in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Conventional Banking Law in the United States of America(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Alrumayh, Almunthir; Steve, NicklesThe multifaceted evolution and creation of money and currency has transformed the way humans conduct trade and commerce. From the barter system to the invention of coins, and eventually the emergence of printed money and banking systems, the concept of exchange has evolved over time. This study focuses on the banking governance of two distinct states, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the United States of America (“U.S.”) and aims to analyze the similarities and differences in the banking systems of both countries. The research entails an overview of the background, significance, and similarities and/or differences that constitute the main structure of the study. The banking sector plays a crucial role in maintaining economic stability in both countries, and this study delves into the growth and performance of the banking sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the U.S., with a focus on banking governance under the Islamic law. Islamic banking governance differs from conventional banking systems, as it adheres to the Islamic principles and morals. The study aims to analyze the procedures, rules, and regulations exist in both countries, and how they are implemented in the context of stability, business orientation, and efficiency. The Shariah law, which serves as the primary source of rules and regulations for the Islamic banking governance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, shapes the financial performance of Shariah-compliant banks. The research relies on a review of articles, journals, books, government published materials, and other online resources, in addition to the laws of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the U.S., to obtain first-hand insights into the topic. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the similarities and differences between the Islamic banking governance and the U.S. banking governance and shed light on the performance of Shariah-compliant banks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In conclusion, this research explores the nuances of banking governance in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the U.S. and compares the two systems with a focus on the Islamic banking governance. The study provides valuable insights into the regulatory frameworks, implementation of rules and regulations, and financial performance of Shariah-compliant banks. The study also serves as a comprehensive reference for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners interested in the field of banking and finance. Further research and analysis in this area can contribute to the advancement of banking governance and its impact on the economy.48 0